{ "application": "SREMAN", "version": 1, "exportedAt": "2026-10-08T11:06:19.608Z", "database": "PubMed", "pico": { "reviewName": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "population": "Humans", "intervention": "Polymorphism in the 5-HTTLPR", "comparator": "Wild allele", "outcome": "Interaction of 5-HTTLPR with childhood maltreatment in mental health outcomes", "studyDesign": "Relevant observational study", "inclusionCriteria": "Studies relevant to the inclusion PECOS criteria", "exclusionCriteria": "Studies not relevant to the PECOS criteria" }, "searchQuery": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchHistory": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" }, { "id": "search_1791457366853", "database": "PubMed", "query": "vishnu shivam", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:46.853Z", "initialCount": 6, "retrievedCount": 6, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 6 } ], "queryTranslation": "shivam, vishnu[Author]" }, { "id": "search_1791457359337", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND vishnu shivam", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:39.337Z", "initialCount": 2, "retrievedCount": 2, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 2 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND shivam, vishnu[Author]" }, { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "activeScreeningTab": "all", "databaseStatistics": { "multipleSearchOccurrences": 0, "importedRecords": 0, "totalRecords": 189 }, "articles": [ { "id": "c5e09e1c-cbb8-42f3-a301-1a8e7ca0061e", "pmid": "9154246", "title": "A novel functional polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene: possible role in susceptibility to affective disorders.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a candidate locus for aetiological involvement in affective disorders. Biochemical studies in suicides and depressed patients suggest that 5-HT uptake function is frequently reduced in affective illness. Furthermore, 5-HTT is targeted by widely used antidepressant drugs such as fluoxetine. We have performed an association study of a short variant of the 5-HTT-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), which restricts transcriptional activity of the 5-HTT promoter leading to low functional expression of the 5-HTT, in 454 patients with bipolar or unipolar affective disorder and 570 controls, derived from three European Centres (London, Milan and Würzburg). In all three centres, the frequency of the low activity allele was higher in patients than in controls (50% vs 45% in London, 45% vs 43% in Milan, 47% vs 40% in Würzburg). Although these differences were not individually significant, a stratified analysis of all three samples gave a significant overall odds ratio of 1.23 (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.49, P = 0.03). The excess of the homozygous low-activity genotype among the patients was even greater (odds ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.23, P = 0.02), suggesting partial recessively of the low-activity allele. Given the functional role of 5-HTT, our findings suggest that 5-HTTLPR-dependent variation in functional 5-HTT expression is a potential genetic susceptibility factor for affective disorders. If this finding is replicated, further work on genetic variants with low 5-HTT activity may facilitate the differential diagnosis of affective disorders, the assessment of suicidal behaviour, and the prediction of good clinical response to antidepressants.", "journal": "Molecular psychiatry", "year": "1996", "authors": "Collier DA, Stöber G, Li T, Heils A, Catalano M, Di Bella D, Arranz MJ, Murray RM, Vallada HP, Bengel D, Müller CR, Roberts GW, Smeraldi E, Kirov G, Sham P, Lesch KP", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.502Z" }, { "id": "dea89cb2-1986-4d5e-ae94-aa5c125c9691", "pmid": "10822348", "title": "Possible association of the short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) with violent suicide.", "imported": false, "abstract": "There is abundant evidence that the serotonin (5-HT) system is modulating mood and several behavioural traits and that disturbances in the regulation of this system can be associated with severe behavioural malfunctions, as aggressive implusive and suicidal behaviour.1 Recently a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) was identified2 and the presence of one or two short alleles was associated with anxiety-related personality traits3 and several psychiatric disturbances, such as affective disorder4 or severe alcohol dependence.5 With respect to the importance of the 5-HT transporter in serotonergic transmission, we have genotyped the DNA of 58 Caucasian suicide victims (with unknown psychiatric diagnoses) and 110 healthy controls for the biallelic functional polymorphism in the 5-HTTLPR. We found a highly significant increased frequency of suicide victims being carriers of one or two short alleles (Fisher's Exact Test, two sided, P = 0.0003), which suggests that a genetically altered protein function within the serotonergic pathway might be involved in suicidality, independently from the clinical diagnosis.", "journal": "Molecular psychiatry", "year": "2000", "authors": "Bondy B, Erfurth A, de Jonge S, Krüger M, Meyer H", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1038/sj.mp.4000678", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.501Z" }, { "id": "e2db758a-7ee9-47e9-ba22-d4d522b81a2a", "pmid": "10920459", "title": "A serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and prefrontal cortical binding in major depression and suicide.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Major depression and suicide are associated with fewer serotonin transporter (5-HTT) sites. The 5'-flanking promoter region of the 5-HTT gene has a biallelic insertion/deletion (5-HTTLPR). We assayed prefrontal cortical (PFC) 5-HTT binding in major depression and suicide and examine the relationship to the 5-HTTLPR allele.\n\nMETHODS: Postmortem brain samples from 220 individuals were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. Binding of 5-HTT was assayed by quantitative autoradiography in the PFC of a subset of subjects (n = 159). Clinical information, including DSM-III-R Axis I diagnoses, was obtained by psychological autopsy and medical chart review.\n\nRESULTS: Binding to 5-HTT was lower in the ventral PFC of suicides compared with nonsuicides and was lower throughout the PFC of subjects with a history of major depression. The 5-HTTLPR genotype was associated with major depression but not with suicide or 5-HTT binding.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: A diffuse reduction of 5-HTT binding in the PFC of individuals with major depression may reflect a widespread impairment of serotonergic function consistent with the range of psychopathologic features in major depression. The localized reduction in 5-HTT binding in the ventral PFC of suicides may reflect reduced serotonin input to that brain region, underlying the predisposition to act on suicidal thoughts. The 5-HTTLPR genotype was not related to the level of 5-HTT binding and does not explain why 5-HTT binding is lower in major depression or suicide. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:729-738", "journal": "Archives of general psychiatry", "year": "2000", "authors": "Mann JJ, Huang YY, Underwood MD, Kassir SA, Oppenheim S, Kelly TM, Dwork AJ, Arango V", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S." ], "doi": "10.1001/archpsyc.57.8.729", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.501Z" }, { "id": "a4033e8b-6cb7-4131-951b-23df4e14aca4", "pmid": "10960156", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms, alcoholism, and suicidal behavior.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of serotoninergic transmission could predispose to excessive alcohol consumption and dependence. The functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been associated with different disorders, including alcoholism. Considering the likelihood of heterogeneity in the \"alcohol dependence\" phenotype, 5-HTTLPR may be more specifically implicated in subsamples of patients or in related traits of alcoholism, such as impulsivity.\n\nMETHODS: We analyzed the role of this functional polymorphism in the risk for suicide attempt in a population of male alcohol-dependent subjects. One hundred ten male alcohol-dependent patients (DSM-III-R criteria), French for at least two generations, were personally interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies and compared with 61 unaffected blood donors.\n\nRESULTS: The \"short\" (S) allele of the 5-HTTLPR appeared to be unrelated to alcohol dependence and comorbid depression in our sample, but was found associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts. This association was predominantly observed in severe and repetitive suicide attempts, with a significant dose effect of the S allele (0, 1, or 2) on the number and the severity of suicide attempts.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Mood disorders and alcohol dependence may interact with a genetic (relative) deficiency in serotonin reuptake, thereby increasing the risk for aggressive/impulsive behaviors such as suicide attempts.", "journal": "Biological psychiatry", "year": "2000", "authors": "Gorwood P, Batel P, Adès J, Hamon M, Boni C", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00840-4", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.501Z" }, { "id": "8debbb9e-f53d-48d7-84f9-18e081f8fea9", "pmid": "10960164", "title": "Possible association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and violent suicidal behavior in mood disorders.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Genes involved in the serotonin system are major candidates in association studies of suicidal behavior. In this case-control study we investigated whether the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene encoding the protein responsible for the reuptake of serotonin from the synapse after its release from serotonergic neurons is a susceptibility factor for suicidal behavior.\n\nMETHODS: A functional polymorphism of the 5-HTT gene (a 44-base pair insertion/deletion in the 5-HTT-linked polymorphic region [5-HTTLPR]) was studied in a population of 237 consecutive patients with affective disorder (unipolar or bipolar) and 187 control subjects. Ninety-nine patients had attempted suicide at least once, of whom 26 made a violent attempt.\n\nRESULTS: No association was found between the \"s\" allele of the 5-HTTLPR and suicide attempt; however, there was a significant difference in allele distributions between patients who had made violent suicide attempts and control subjects.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: A genetic variant of the 5-HTT gene may predispose individuals to violent suicidal behavior. The precise phenotype associated with the 5-HTT gene is unclear, and therefore further studies are required to replicate these findings.", "journal": "Biological psychiatry", "year": "2000", "authors": "Bellivier F, Szöke A, Henry C, Lacoste J, Bottos C, Nosten-Bertrand M, Hardy P, Rouillon F, Launay JM, Laplanche JL, Leboyer M", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00891-x", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.501Z" }, { "id": "0278a510-a5cf-4c5b-979d-b4a5d572160d", "pmid": "11166082", "title": "Attempted suicide and polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Abnormalities of serotonin synthesis and metabolism may be associated with suicidality. The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) is one of the important genes involved in the regulation of serotonin neurotransmission. We examined the association of suicidal behavior in Chinese schizophrenic patients with a functional polymorphism of the promoter region of the 5-HTT gene (5-HTTLPR). The 5-HTTLPR genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction for 76 suicidal and 262 non-suicidal patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (DSM-IV criteria). All subjects were unrelated to each other, and all were Chinese. There was no significant genotypic or allelic association of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with history of attempted suicide. From our results, this 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is unlikely to have a major effect on suicidal behavior in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.", "journal": "Psychiatry research", "year": "2000", "authors": "Chong SA, Lee WL, Tan CH, Tay AH, Chan AO, Tan EC", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0165-1781(00)00229-8", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.501Z" }, { "id": "cca3ef85-1611-4a09-bd0f-16e84c88f2c0", "pmid": "11324943", "title": "A rare short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter region (5-HTTLPR) found in an aggressive schizophrenic patient of Jewish Libyan origin.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), which plays a key role in the serotonergic pathway in the brain, is a candidate for mediating genetic susceptibility to various psychiatric disorders. There are two predominant alleles in the polymorphic promotor region [5-HT transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR)] of this gene: a long and a short allele with 16 and 14 repeat units, respectively. The short allele has lower activity and is associated with several psychiatric disorders and personality traits. We identified and sequenced a novel allele with 13 repeat units, 23 base pairs shorter than the common short allele. This unique allele was detected in a schizophrenic patient of Jewish Libyan origin. The patient exhibited extreme aggressive behavior and committed suicide after several attempts. The novel short allele was not detected in 172 healthy control subjects and 361 patients with various mental disorders. The presence of a very short unique allele in a severely aggressive schizophrenic patient may reflect a specific effect on the particular phenotype, although it is unlikely that this allele has a major contribution to susceptibility to schizophrenia. The role of the allele in serotonin transport and possible association with disease phenotype should be further investigated.", "journal": "Psychiatric genetics", "year": "2000", "authors": "Frisch A, Finkel B, Michaelovsky E, Sigal M, Laor N, Weizman R", "articleTypes": [ "Case Reports", "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1097/00041444-200010040-00005", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.501Z" }, { "id": "bf959b8c-94c8-48b5-a228-c5ea45ed01e4", "pmid": "11326306", "title": "Association between violent suicidal behavior and the low activity allele of the serotonin transporter gene.", "imported": false, "abstract": "There is compelling evidence that serotonin system dysfunction is associated with certain behavioral disorders, such as suicidal behavior and impulsive aggression. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) was recently identified and the presence of the short allele found to be associated with a lower level of expression of the gene, lower levels of 5-HT uptake, suicidal behavior and anxiety-related traits. We genotyped 51 West European Caucasians who had made violent suicide attempts and 139 controls of the same ethnic origin, with no history of suicidal behavior. The frequencies of the S allele and the SS genotype were significantly higher in the violent suicide attempters than in the controls. The odds ratio for the SS genotype vs the LL genotype was 3.63 (95% CI (1.27--10.40)). This suggests that a change in expression of the gene encoding the 5-HT transporter may be involved in violent suicidal behavior.", "journal": "Molecular psychiatry", "year": "2001", "authors": "Courtet P, Baud P, Abbar M, Boulenger JP, Castelnau D, Mouthon D, Malafosse A, Buresi C", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1038/sj.mp.4000856", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.501Z" }, { "id": "3bfb22fb-a03c-4d66-a101-4d7b29d764e2", "pmid": "11353442", "title": "Family-based association study of serotonin transporter promoter in suicidal adolescents: no association with suicidality but possible role in violence traits.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The serotonin transporter-linked promoter region polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) is thought to be associated with some serotonin dysfunction-related psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety disorders. Suicide and suicide-related behaviors such as violence, aggression, and impulsivity have been reproducibly associated with serotonin dysfunction and are partially genetic. This study examined the association of 5-HTTLPR with suicidal behavior and related traits in Israeli suicidal adolescent inpatients using the haplotype relative risk (HRR) method that controls for artifacts caused by population stratification. Forty-eight inpatient adolescents who recently attempted suicide were assessed by structured interviews for detailed clinical history, diagnoses, suicide intent, suicide risk, impulsivity, violence, and depression. Blood samples were collected and DNA extracted from patients and their biological parents. The 5-HTTLPR allele frequencies were tested for association with suicidality by the HRR method. In addition, the relationship between genotypes and phenotypic severity of several clinical parameters was analyzed. No significant allelic association of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with suicidal behavior was found (chi square = 0.023; P = 0.88). Analysis of variance of the suicide-related trait measures for the three genotypes demonstrated a significant difference in violence measures between patients carrying the LL and LS genotypes (9.50+/-4.04 vs. 5.36+/-4.03; P = 0.029). This study suggests that the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is unlikely to have major relevance to the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior in adolescence but may contribute to violent behavior in this population.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics", "year": "2001", "authors": "Zalsman G, Frisch A, Bromberg M, Gelernter J, Michaelovsky E, Campino A, Erlich Z, Tyano S, Apter A, Weizman A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmg.1261", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.501Z" }, { "id": "0a5f989a-3530-4a04-8825-040b7c999318", "pmid": "11690601", "title": "Association between suicide attempts and 5-HTTLPR-S-allele in alcohol-dependent and control subjects: further evidence from a German alcohol-dependent inpatient sample.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Genetically-mediated alterations in serotonergic transmission have been implicated in both the pathogenesis of alcoholism and suicidal behavior. Thus, the identification of vulnerability genes could uncover pathophysiological links for both syndromes. A significant association between suicide attempts and the 5-HTT promoter polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) S-allele has been reported in a sample of French alcohol-dependent subjects, and this paper evaluates this phenomenon in a German sample.\n\nMETHODS: One hundred and sixty-three patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence and 117 healthy controls were investigated. Blood samples were taken to genotype the 5-HTTLPR by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of lymphocyte DNA.\n\nRESULTS: 5-HTTLPR-S alleles were seen more frequently in suicidal compared to nonsuicidal alcohol-dependent subjects. Furthermore, significant effects from suicide attempts on the number of S-alleles were found.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The results are consistent with an association between the 5-HTTLPR-S-allele and suicide attempts in alcohol-dependent subjects.", "journal": "Biological psychiatry", "year": "2001", "authors": "Preuss UW, Koller G, Soyka M, Bondy B", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01196-9", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.500Z" }, { "id": "718c144b-a91e-4cf8-a49a-aa26f4ff2d57", "pmid": "11702061", "title": "A polymorphism in the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene is not associated with suicidal behavior.", "imported": false, "abstract": "A 44 base pair deletion/insertion polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) was examined in 124 German suicide attempters, who were consecutively hospitalized, and 185 German normal control subjects without a history of any DSM-IV axis I or II mental disorder. Both patients and control subjects were recruited from the same geographic area. There was no significant difference in allele or genotype frequency between patients and control subjects. There were also no differences when the patients were divided into several subgroups (suicide attempters with a violent method, and suicide attempters with a lifetime history of mood disorders, unipolar depression, personality disorders). These results suggest that the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is unlikely to play a major role in the genetic susceptibility to suicide attempts. Conflicting results among the present and previous studies regarding an association between the polymorphism and suicidal behavior, however, suggest the possibility that there may be unidentified specific subtypes of suicidal behavior that are significantly associated with the polymorphism or, alternatively, simply reflect false-positive association results.", "journal": "Psychiatric genetics", "year": "2001", "authors": "Rujescu D, Giegling I, Sato T, Moeller HJ", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1097/00041444-200109000-00011", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.500Z" }, { "id": "8ea0638a-b172-4d2b-8033-4fcf1dc063f3", "pmid": "11803526", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and psychiatric disorders in NF1 patients.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disease characterized by a broad clinical expression. Comorbid affective disorders, anxiety disorders, and suicide are frequently observed during NF1. The promoter marker (5-HTTLPR) of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) has been shown to be associated with major affective disorders, anxiety-related trait, and more recently with suicidal behavior. This gene is adjacent to the NF1 gene, raising the question of the implication of the 5-HTT gene in the psychiatric comorbidity during NF1. Eighty-eight patients with NF1 and 184 screened controls were typed for the 5-HTTLPR. No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in patients was observed. In addition, allele and genotype frequencies were similar in the two groups. Our data do not support the implication of the 5-HTT gene in the psychiatric comorbidities of NF1.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics", "year": "2001", "authors": "Bellivier F, Laplanche JL, Fournier G, Wolkenstein P", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmg.10037", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.500Z" }, { "id": "117ba737-e68a-4fce-8dc9-6606c785a4f5", "pmid": "12497618", "title": "No association between non-violent suicidal behavior and the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism.", "imported": false, "abstract": "There is compelling evidence that suicidal behavior is associated with the dysfunction of the serotonin system. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) was recently identified and the presence of the short allele was associated with lower gene expression, lower 5-HT uptake and violent suicidal behavior. Thus, we attempted to determine whether 5-HTTLPR is also involved in the susceptibility to non-violent suicidal behavior. We compared the genotype from 166 West European Caucasians who attempted suicide by a non-violent mean with 139 controls with no history of suicidal behavior from the same ethnic origin. The frequencies of the S allele and the SS genotype in the sample who attempted non-violent suicide were not statistically different to those in the controls. Thus, the genetically altered expression of the 5-HT transporter might be associated with more severe or violent suicidal behavior, but not with non-violent suicidal behavior.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics", "year": "2003", "authors": "Courtet P, Buresi C, Abbar M, Baud P, Boulenger JP, Castelnau D, Mouthon D, Malafosse A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmg.b.10756", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.500Z" }, { "id": "2acf5c23-c361-439e-89f5-7fbb53030614", "pmid": "12759157", "title": "Possible association between serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism and impulsivity in Koreans.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Serotonin has become the major focus of biological studies of suicidal behavior and impulsive-aggressive behavior in humans. The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene is one of the important genes involved in the regulation of serotonin transmission. We examined the association of impulsivity in Korean populations with a functional polymorphism of the promoter region of the 5-HTT gene (5-HTTLPR). We recruited 186 adolescent prisoners and 64 medical students. Impulsivity was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and we divided all subjects into three groups: impulsive subjects (IS, N=121), non-impulsive subjects (NIS, N=115) and an intermediate group (excluded, N=14). The 5-HTTLPR genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction. All subjects were Korean men unrelated to each other. There were no significant differences in the genotype frequency of 5-HTTLPR-S/S, S/L and -L/L between the two groups in the Korean population (IS vs. NIS: 47.9 vs. 61.7%; 43.0 vs. 32.2%; and 9.1 vs. 6.1%, respectively). However, there was a statistically significant difference in allelic frequency of 5-HTTLPR-S and 5-HTTLPR-L between the two groups in the Korean population (IS vs. NIS: 69.4 vs. 77.8%; and 30.6 vs. 22.2%, respectively. From our results, this 5-HTTLPR polymorphism appears to be a possible candidate gene for impulsivity in the Korean population.", "journal": "Psychiatry research", "year": "2003", "authors": "Lee JH, Kim HT, Hyun DS", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00065-9", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.500Z" }, { "id": "c49b24c4-b9f4-472f-8574-62629fbe0b94", "pmid": "12849930", "title": "Genetics of the serotonergic system in suicidal behavior.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Genetic factors contribute to the risk of psychopathology in many psychiatric conditions, but the specific genes are yet to be identified. Neurotransmitter alterations are implicated in the etiology of psychopathology based, in part, on studies of neurotransmitter receptors and their biosynthetic or degradative enzymes in postmortem tissue. Identification of the altered receptors and enzymes serves to identify candidate genes of potential etiological significance. Polymorphisms in these genes can contribute to alterations in protein function in vivo that are part of the neurochemical underpinnings of psychopathologies such as major depressive disorder, psychoses, alcoholism, personality disorders, aggressive-impulsive traits, or suicidal behavior. Altered serotonergic function is implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of several major psychiatric conditions. In particular, there is much evidence for an association of lower serotonergic function and suicidal behavior. Thus genes related to the serotonergic system are candidate genes worthy of study as part of the genetic diathesis for suicidal behavior. This review examines the following polymorphisms in the serotonin biosynthetic enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH; A779C substitution), the serotonin transporter (5-HTT, 5-HTTLPR allele), the 5-HT(1B) receptor (G861C, C129T substitution) and the 5-HT(2A) receptor (T102C) for their relationship to suicidal behavior. For the TPH gene, we found the less common U or A allele variant of the A779C polymorphism was associated with suicide attempt. Other studies have found the U allele to be associated with aggression and lower serotonergic function in vivo. A 44 base pair insertion/deletion in the 5' flanking promoter region of the 5-HTT gene may result in less 5-HTT expression and 5-HTT binding. We examined 220 cases postmortem and found no association between the promoter genotype and 5-HTT binding. We also found no association with major depressive disorder (MDD), suicide or pathological aggression, despite finding significantly fewer 5-HTT sites in the prefrontal cortex of depressed and/or suicide cases. In genomic DNA samples from 178 unrelated subjects, we detected two polymorphisms for the 5-HT(1B) receptor at nucleotides 861 and 129. However, no association between either polymorphism and depression, suicide, aggression, or alcoholism was observed. There are two common polymorphisms for the 5-HT(2A) receptor gene in humans. The results of studies of 5-HT(2A) receptor gene polymorphisms do not indicate significant major associations with suicidal behavior. In contrast, the 5-HT(2A) receptor itself is reported to be increased in suicide. Functional polymorphisms involving the promoter region that affect gene expression may explain this finding. Studies of candidate genes related to serotonergic function in brain are increasingly used to establish genetic alterations contributing to psychiatric illness. The most meaningful studies combine the study of candidate genes with direct measures of related proteins as well as psychopathology.", "journal": "Journal of psychiatric research", "year": "2003", "authors": "Arango V, Huang YY, Underwood MD, Mann JJ", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0022-3956(03)00048-7", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.500Z" }, { "id": "3bc6388c-b756-4d64-8b60-f2f070bbbede", "pmid": "14573315", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) and intron 2 (VNTR) polymorphisms in Croatian suicide victims.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Disturbances in serotonin (5HT) transmission are the most frequently reported neurobiological substrates of suicidal behavior. Because 5HT transporter plays a central role in the regulation of 5HT synaptic function and its gene contains two functional polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR in the promoter region and VNTR in the second intron), it represents an interesting candidate for association studies in suicidal behavior.\n\nMETHODS: In this study, a possible association of 5-HTTLPR and intron 2-VNTR polymorphisms of the 5HT transporter gene with suicidal behavior was investigated in a sample of 135 suicide victims and 299 healthy control subjects of Croatian/southern Slavic origin.\n\nRESULTS: There were no significant differences in 5-HTTLPR and intron 2-VNTR genotype- and allele- frequency distributions between suicide victims and healthy control subjects; however, a tendency toward an increase of 5-HTTLPR allele L and VNTR-allele 10 were observed in suicide group. Analysis of distribution of estimated haplotype frequencies revealed differences between suicide victims and control subjects, with an excess of haplotype L10 among suicide victims (p =.0112).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Our results provide modest evidence for a possible association of the 5HT transporter gene with a completed suicide. Further studies are needed to determine whether alterations in 5HTt gene expression are involved in suicidal behavior.", "journal": "Biological psychiatry", "year": "2003", "authors": "Hranilovic D, Stefulj J, Furac I, Kubat M, Balija M, Jernej B", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00179-3", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.500Z" }, { "id": "c0790a66-c3f5-4e8f-8c9e-3b05f47375c8", "pmid": "14612228", "title": "Is there an association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and family history of depression?", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: To date, research examining the relationship between the serotonin transporter gene and depression has yielded both positive and negative results. This study will attempt to add further evidence to that body of literature by examining the relationship between the serotonin transporter gene and a family history of depression while controlling for a family history of completed suicide.\n\nMETHODS: Forty-seven volunteers responded to questionnaires regarding family history of depression and suicide, and provided buccal swabs to allow for analysis of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism.\n\nRESULTS: Individuals with the s/s genotype were significantly more likely to have two or more first-degree relatives with a history of depression even when controlling for a family history of completed suicides.\n\nLIMITATIONS: The small sample size, particularly in the group of individuals with the s/s genotype, is a limitation of this study. Assessment of family history was conducted in abbreviated fashion. Information regarding participants' personal history of depression and suicide was not collected, so no conclusions regarding participants' own mental health can be drawn.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: A significant relationship between family history of depression and the s/s genotype was found, despite the small sample size and while controlling for family history of suicide. Whatever risk short alleles may confer for depression may be distinct from the risk they confer for suicidality.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2003", "authors": "Joiner TE, Johnson F, Soderstrom K, Brown JS", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00171-4", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.500Z" }, { "id": "f6588a49-0ad5-4a24-bed7-47010a76f1f9", "pmid": "14706424", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene may be involved in short-term risk of subsequent suicide attempts.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: In the first year following a suicide attempt, patients are at high risk for reattempt and for completed suicide. We aim to determine the predictive value of two serotonin-related genes, the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genes that have been involved in the susceptibility to suicidal behavior.\n\nMETHODS: After a one-year follow-up study of 103 patients hospitalized after a suicide attempt, patients have been genotyped for both the A218C TPH and the functional S/L 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms.\n\nRESULTS: Patients who reattempted suicide during the follow-up period had significantly higher frequencies of the S allele and the SS genotype. The odds ratio for the SS genotype vs. the LL genotype was 6.5 (95% CI [1.18-35.84]). No difference was observed for TPH gene. Patients carrying the SS genotype were more impulsive. However, multivariate analysis suggested an independent effect of both the SS genotype and impulsivity on the risk of repeated suicide attempts.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the 5-HTTLPR SS genotype is associated with further suicide attempts among patients who have previously attempted suicide.", "journal": "Biological psychiatry", "year": "2004", "authors": "Courtet P, Picot MC, Bellivier F, Torres S, Jollant F, Michelon C, Castelnau D, Astruc B, Buresi C, Malafosse A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.07.004", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.500Z" }, { "id": "47521b2c-b740-484d-aacb-f4f5efccf22b", "pmid": "14735161", "title": "Serotonin transporter 5HTTLPR polymorphism and affective disorders: no evidence of association in a large European multicenter study.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The available data from preclinical and pharmacological studies on the role of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) support the hypothesis that a dysfunction in brain serotonergic system activity contributes to the vulnerability to affective disorders (AD). 5-HTT is the major site of serotonin reuptake into the presynaptic neuron, and it has been shown that the polymorphic repeat polymorphism in the 5-HTT promotor region (5-HTTLPR) may affect gene-transcription activity. 5-HTT maps to chromosome 17 at position 17q11.17-q12, and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms have been extensively investigated in AD with conflicting results. The present study tested the genetic contribution of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in a large European multicenter case-control sample, including 539 unipolar (UPAD), 572 bipolar patients (BPAD), and 821 controls (C). Our European collaboration has led to efforts to optimize a methodology that attenuates some of the major limitations of the case-control association approach. No association was found with primary psychiatric diagnosis (UPAD and BPAD) and with phenotypic traits (family history of AD, suicidal attempt, and presence of psychotic features). Our negative findings are not attributable to the lack of statistical power, and may contribute to clarify the role of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in AD.", "journal": "European journal of human genetics : EJHG", "year": "2004", "authors": "Mendlewicz J, Massat I, Souery D, Del-Favero J, Oruc L, Nöthen MM, Blackwood D, Muir W, Battersby S, Lerer B, Segman RH, Kaneva R, Serretti A, Lilli R, Lorenzi C, Jakovljevic M, Ivezic S, Rietschel M, Milanova V, Van Broeckhoven C", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Multicenter Study", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201149", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.499Z" }, { "id": "85846caf-bd6e-4793-a753-779b250b21ce", "pmid": "15048645", "title": "Association between low-activity serotonin transporter genotype and heroin dependence: behavioral and personality correlates.", "imported": false, "abstract": "In previous studies, serotonin (5-HT) system disturbance was found involved in a variety of behavioral disorders, psychopathologies, and substance use disorders. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the human serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) was recently identified and the presence of the short (S) allele found to be associated with a lower level of expression of the gene, lower levels of 5-HT uptake, type 2 alcoholism, violence and suicidal behavior. In the present study, 101 heroin addicts (males, West European, Caucasians) and 101 healthy control subjects matched for race and gender, with no history of substance use disorder, have been genotyped. Aggressiveness levels were measured in both heroin addicts and controls utilizing Buss-Durkee-Hostility-Inventory (BDHI). Data about suicide attempt and violent criminal behavior in subject history have been collected. The short-short (SS) genotype frequency was significantly higher among heroin dependent individuals compared with control subjects (P = 0.025). The odds ratio for the SS genotype versus the long-long (LL) genotype frequency was 0.69, 95% Cl (0.49-0.97), when heroin addicts were compared with healthy controls. The SS genotype frequency was significantly higher among violent heroin dependent individuals compared with addicted individuals without aggressive behavior (P = 0.02). BDHI mean total scores and suspiciousness and negativism subscales scores were significantly higher in SS individuals, in comparison with LL subjects, among heroin addicts. No association was found between SS genotype and suicide history. Our data suggest that a decreased expression of the gene encoding the 5-HTT transporter, due to \"S\" promoter polymorphism, may be associated with an increased risk for substance use disorders, particularly in the subjects with more consistent aggressiveness and impulsiveness.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics", "year": "2004", "authors": "Gerra G, Garofano L, Santoro G, Bosari S, Pellegrini C, Zaimovic A, Moi G, Bussandri M, Moi A, Brambilla F, Donnini C", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmg.b.20111", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.499Z" }, { "id": "48824427-1b20-4111-b097-ba801d0006c9", "pmid": "15121487", "title": "Association between serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism and suicide: results of a meta-analysis.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence supporting a role for serotonin system dysfunction in the pathology of suicidal behavior. Many studies have examined the association between a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) and suicide but have yielded inconsistent results. Our goal here, by analyzing the cumulative data from primary literature, was to determine conclusively whether there is an association.\n\nMETHODS: Three meta-analyses were performed. One compared the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism between suicidal subjects and normal control subjects; another compared suicide attempters with nonattempters of the same psychiatric diagnoses; the last one compared either violent or nonviolent suicidal subjects with normal control subjects.\n\nRESULTS: We found no association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and suicidal behavior (p =.379). When we compared subjects with the same psychiatric diagnoses, the genotypes carrying the s allele were significantly more frequent in suicide attempters than in nonattempters (p =.004). In addition, the s allele was associated with violent suicide (p =.0001) but not with nonviolent suicide (p = 1.00).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Our results provide significant evidence supporting the association of the s allele of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with suicidal behavior in the psychiatric population, also with violent suicide. These support a role for decreased serotonin transporter function in the vulnerability to suicide in a select population.", "journal": "Biological psychiatry", "year": "2004", "authors": "Lin PY, Tsai G", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S." ], "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.006", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.499Z" }, { "id": "21b1e0cb-e0dd-40a1-8593-c4ad52d21051", "pmid": "15521831", "title": "Familial suicide behaviour: association with probands suicide attempt characteristics and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: There is compelling evidence that a serotonergic dysfunction may play a major role in suicide behaviour and it has also been demonstrated that suicide is, at least partially, genetically determined. Thus, the serotonin-related genes are the major candidates. Previously a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) was identified and the presence of the short allele (S) was found to be associated with a lower level of expression of the gene and lower levels of 5-HT uptake when compared with the long allele (L). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between family suicide behaviour history and probands' suicide attempt (SA) history, SA characteristics and 5-HTTLPR genotype.\n\nMETHOD: We genotyped 237 probands (major depressed or schizophrenic patients) and used a semistructured interview to determine probands' SA characteristics and first- and second-degree family suicidal behaviour.\n\nRESULTS: An association between suicidal family history and proband's SA but not with SA characteristics and probands genotype was found.\n\nCONCLUSION: Our results suggest that multiple biological and environmental factors underlie familial transmission of suicidal behaviour.", "journal": "Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica", "year": "2004", "authors": "Correa H, Campi-Azevedo AC, De Marco L, Boson W, Viana MM, Guimarães MM, Costa E, Miranda DM, Romano-Silva MA", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00340.x", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.499Z" }, { "id": "59c01f43-f366-4d56-b709-51659c3c0615", "pmid": "15531095", "title": "Relationship between suicidal behavior of psychotic inpatients and serotonin transporter gene in Han Chinese.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Strong evidence indicates that central serotoninergic system dysfunction is associated with suicidal behavior. The relationship between the serotonin transporter protein (5-HTT) gene of psychotic patients in Han Chinese with suicidal behavior was studied since the 5-HTT plays an important role in serotoninergic transmission. Two hundred and seventy-two psychotic inpatients with suicidal behavior (suicide group) and 275 psychotic inpatients without suicidal behavior (patient control group) were recruited from six mental health facilities in Shanghai, China. Another 628 healthy adults (healthy control group) without suicidal behavior and mental disorder history were enrolled from Shanghai, China. All subjects were Han Chinese. The genotypes and the alleles of 5-HTT genes of the three groups were examined by PCR amplification. Neither the intron 2 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and 5-HTTLPR (5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region), nor the haplotype frequencies of this gene have significant differences between the suicide group and the two control groups. However, there was a significant difference in 5-HTTLPR polymorphism between inpatients with a first episode of suicidal behavior and those with recurrent suicidal behavior. Except for the possible heterogeneity between inpatients with a first episode of suicidal behavior and those with more than one, the 5-HTT gene was unlikely to be associated with suicidal behavior of psychotic patient in Han Chinese.", "journal": "Neuroscience letters", "year": "2004", "authors": "Shen Y, Li H, Gu N, Tan Z, Tang J, Fan J, Li X, Sun W, He L", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Multicenter Study", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2004.09.018", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.499Z" }, { "id": "56b8a346-3bd3-4a8c-a0ca-a0bd7120f731", "pmid": "15589566", "title": "Male-specific association between the 5-HTTLPR S allele and suicide attempts in alcohol-dependent subjects.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Changes in serotoninergic neurotransmission have been implicated in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior and alcohol dependence. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between suicide attempts and the 5-HTTLPR S allele in alcohol-dependent subjects. We investigated the frequency of the S allele of 5-HTTLPR in a sample of 100 French Caucasian alcohol-dependent inpatients (48 men and 52 women) with and without a history of suicide attempts. The frequencies of 5-HTTLPR genotypes did not differ significantly between men and women. A history of at least one suicide attempt was more frequent in women than in men (57.5% versus 31.3%, respectively, p=0.008). Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of the S allele of 5-HTTLPR was related to a life-time risk of suicide attempts, but only in male subjects (p=0.05). There seems to be an allelic association between the 5-HTTLPR S allele and suicidal behavior in alcohol-dependent subjects, but this relationship is restricted to male subjects.", "journal": "Journal of psychiatric research", "year": "2005", "authors": "Limosin F, Loze JY, Boni C, Hamon M, Adès J, Rouillon F, Gorwood P", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.06.007", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.498Z" }, { "id": "096805b6-bb7f-48f4-8c41-31cf950d0877", "pmid": "15657646", "title": "Relationships between serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism, platelet serotonin transporter binding and clinical phenotype in suicidal and non-suicidal adolescent inpatients.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Relationships between the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR), platelet serotonin transporter (SERT) binding and clinical phenotype were examined in 32 suicidal and 28 non-suicidal Ashkenazi Israeli adolescent psychiatric inpatients. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was not associated with transporter binding or with suicidality or other clinical phenotypes. However, in the suicidal group, a significant positive correlation between platelet SERT density and anger scores (n=32, r=.40; p=.027) and a negative correlation between platelet count and trait anxiety (n=32, r=-.42; p=.034) were observed.", "journal": "Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)", "year": "2005", "authors": "Zalsman G, Anderson GM, Peskin M, Frisch A, King RA, Vekslerchik M, Sommerfeld E, Michaelovsky E, Sher L, Weizman A, Apter A", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00702-004-0244-6", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.499Z" }, { "id": "291e7ba2-681c-4658-a1a4-45fa6f87cf45", "pmid": "15802092", "title": "Meta-analysis in psychiatric genetics.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The article reviews literature on methods for meta-analysis of genetic linkage and association studies, and summarizes and comments on specific meta-analysis findings for psychiatric disorders. The Genome Scan Meta-Analysis and Multiple Scan Probability methods assess the evidence for linkage across studies. Multiple Scan Probability analysis suggested linkage of two chromosomal regions (13q and 22q) to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, whereas Genome Scan Meta-Analysis on a larger sample identified at least 10 schizophrenia linkage regions, but none for bipolar disorder. Meta-analyses of pooled ORs support association of schizophrenia to the Ser311Cys polymorphism in DRD2 and the T102C polymorphism in HTR2A, and of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to the 48-bp repeat in DRD4. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) may contribute to the risk of bipolar disorder, suicidal behavior, and neuroticism, but association to the lifetime risk of major depression has not been shown. Meta-analyses support linkage of schizophrenia to regions where replicable associations to candidate genes have been identified through positional cloning methods. There are additional supported regions where susceptibility genes are likely to be identified. Linkage meta-analysis has had less clear success for bipolar disorder based on a smaller dataset. Meta-analysis can guide the prioritization of regions for study, but proof of association requires biological confirmation of hypotheses about gene actions. Elucidation of causal mechanisms will require more comprehensive study of sequence variation in candidate genes, better statistical and meta-analytic methods to take all variation into account, and biological strategies for testing etiologic hypotheses.", "journal": "Current psychiatry reports", "year": "2005", "authors": "Levinson DF", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11920-005-0012-9", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.498Z" }, { "id": "24977076-b639-453b-8743-414a40273aa2", "pmid": "15856722", "title": "The socio-economic status of communities predicts variation in brain serotonergic responsivity.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: We reported previously that the socio-economic status (SES) of individuals predicts variation in brain serotonergic responsivity, as assessed by neuropharmacological challenge in an adult community sample, and that this association is qualified by allelic variation in the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). Here we examine whether serotonergic responsivity covaries similarly with the SES of communities, as indexed by US Census data in the same study sample.\n\nMETHOD: Community SES was defined by levels of income, economic disadvantage, housing costs, and educational attainment of census tracts in which 249 locally recruited study participants (54% male) resided. Serotonergic responsivity was assessed as the baseline-adjusted, peak plasma prolactin (Prl) concentration following acute administration of the serotonin-releasing agent, fenfluramine; tissue for DNA extraction and 5-HTTLPR genotyping was available on 131 participants.\n\nRESULTS: Subjects residing in census tracts of lower SES showed a blunted Prl response to fenfluramine (diminished serotonergic responsivity) relative to individuals living in more affluent neighborhoods. When adjusted for personal income and education, SES at the community level continued to predict fenfluramine-stimulated Prl responses and did so independently of 5-HTTLPR genotype.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Area-level indices of relative social and economic disadvantage covary with individual differences in brain serotonergic responsivity, and this association is, in part, independent of individually defined SES. These findings may be relevant to reported effects of low community SES on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders or behaviors associated with dysregulation of central serotonergic function, such as depression, impulsive aggression, and suicide.", "journal": "Psychological medicine", "year": "2005", "authors": "Manuck SB, Bleil ME, Petersen KL, Flory JD, Mann JJ, Ferrell RE, Muldoon MF", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S." ], "doi": "10.1017/s0033291704003757", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.498Z" }, { "id": "08a397b8-98cd-429c-a2cf-dbd4e4391393", "pmid": "15986189", "title": "Association study of a novel functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene in bipolar disorder and suicidal behaviour.", "imported": false, "abstract": "A serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been investigated in several genetic association studies, including studies of bipolar disorder (BD) and suicidality. The current study was designed to examine whether the new long (A/G) variant polymorphism of the 5-HTT gene may be associated with the suicide attempts in 305 families with at least one member having BD. No association with history of suicide attempt was found either in the multiallelic HTTLPR (LRS=0.15, df=2, P=0.92), or with the intron 2 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism (LRS=0.87 df=2 P=0.64). When we performed a haplotype analysis, we found no association between suicide attempt and haplotype distribution (LRS=1.84 df=4 P=0.76). These findings suggest that this new polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene may not influence suicidal behaviour in patients with bipolar disorder.", "journal": "Psychopharmacology", "year": "2005", "authors": "De Luca V, Tharmalingam S, King N, Strauss J, Bulgin N, Kennedy JL", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00213-005-0046-z", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.497Z" }, { "id": "b91770a7-be47-4aa3-9434-54f595594a62", "pmid": "16125146", "title": "STin2 variant and family history of suicide as significant predictors of suicide completion in major depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Suicide is the most serious outcome of major depression, yet not all depressed patients will commit suicide. Genes, along with other factors, might account for this difference. Serotonergic alterations have been observed in suicide and depression and impulsive-aggressive behaviors. Therefore, we aimed to identify predictors of suicide, considering genetic variation at the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene.\n\nMETHODS: We investigated the 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and intron 2 (STin2) variants of this gene and their relationship to behavioral and clinical risk factors for suicide in a sample of depressed suicides (n =106) and depressed control subjects (n =152), diagnosed by means of proxy-based interviews.\n\nRESULTS: We found a significant association of suicide completion with having at least one copy of the STin2 10 allele [chi(2)(1) = 10.833, p = .002]. No differences were found for the 5-HTTLPR variable number of tandem repeats. After controlling for behavioral and clinical risk factors for suicide, the STin2 variant remained a significant predictor of suicide in major depression when jointly considered with a family history of suicide (odds ratio 5.560, 95% confidence interval 1.057-29.247).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The STin2 locus might account, at least in part, for the observed familial aggregation of suicidal behavior. These results should be further explored in families where clustering of suicidal behavior is observed.", "journal": "Biological psychiatry", "year": "2006", "authors": "Lopez de Lara C, Dumais A, Rouleau G, Lesage A, Dumont M, Chawky N, Alda M, Benkelfat C, Turecki G", "articleTypes": [ "Controlled Clinical Trial", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.021", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.497Z" }, { "id": "27afc290-a6c2-461a-afe0-b965574cb8bb", "pmid": "16274962", "title": "Association study between the novel functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia.", "imported": false, "abstract": "A serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been investigated in several genetic association studies, including studies of schizophrenia and suicidality. The current study was designed to examine whether the new long (A/G) variant polymorphism of the 5-HTT gene may be associated with suicide attempts of 290 Caucasian schizophrenic patients. Among these patients, 92 had a history of suicide attempt. No association with history of suicide attempt was found in the multiallelic 5-HTTLPR (p = 0.305), however we found significant association with the intron 2 VNTR polymorphism (p = 0.018). When we performed a haplotype analysis, we found association between suicide attempt and haplotype distribution (p = 0.031). These findings suggest that the intron 2 VNTR polymorphism in serotonin transporter gene may influence suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia.", "journal": "European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology", "year": "2006", "authors": "De Luca V, Zai G, Tharmalingam S, de Bartolomeis A, Wong G, Kennedy JL", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.09.007", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.497Z" }, { "id": "10df63bb-6ba4-4347-8b54-fefdba23f0aa", "pmid": "16300747", "title": "The genetics of depression: a review.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and moderately heritable. Recurrence and early age at onset characterize cases with the greatest familial risk. Major depressive disorder and the neuroticism personality trait have overlapping genetic susceptibilities. Most genetic studies of MDD have considered a small set of functional polymorphisms relevant to monoaminergic neurotransmission. Meta-analyses suggest small positive associations between the polymorphism in the serotonin transporter promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and bipolar disorder, suicidal behavior, and depression-related personality traits but not yet to MDD itself. This polymorphism might also influence traits related to stress vulnerability. Newer hypotheses of depression neurobiology suggest closer study of genes related to neurotoxic and neuroprotective (neurotrophic) processes and to overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, with mixed evidence regarding association of MDD with polymorphisms in one such gene (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]). Several genome-wide linkage studies of MDD and related traits have been reported or are near completion. There is some evidence for convergence of linkage findings across studies, but more data are needed to permit meta-analysis. Future directions will include more intensive, systematic study of linkage candidate regions and of the whole genome for genetic association; gene expression array studies; and larger-scale studies of gene-environment interactions and of depression-related endophenotypes.", "journal": "Biological psychiatry", "year": "2006", "authors": "Levinson DF", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.024", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.274Z" }, { "id": "bd02d074-273b-4c1a-967d-d61da05ae045", "pmid": "16389730", "title": "[Suicide attempt, psychopathology and genetics].", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: There is compelling evidence that suicidal behaviour has a heritable component and is associated with disturbances in serotonergic mechanisms. Thus genes coding for proteins of the serotonergic pathways are leading candidates for investigating possible associations.\n\nMETHOD: We studied three serotonergic gene polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR S/L, TPH A779C, 5-HT1B G861C) in a sample of 114 unrelated suicide attempters (mainly non-violent methods), in 112 patients, 23 siblings and 56 healthy controls. Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assays. The primary analyses compared allele and genotype frequencies between patients and controls and to test for presence of linkage disequilibrium using the family based association test (FBAT). The genotypes were further related to clinical characteristics and to psychological traits.\n\nRESULTS: There was a trend towards an increase in the L-allele frequency of the 5-HTTLPR in suicidal patients (p=0.066, OR=1,57, 95%CI 0,96-2,52). No other polymorphisms were associated with suicidal behaviour and the FBAT showed no excess transmission of any allele from parents to the offsprings. We found a slight reduction in \"Novelty Seeking Scores\" in patients having at least one S-allele (one-way ANOVA F=3,90, p=0.024). All the other traits were not related to any of the genotypes.\n\nCONCLUSION: Our data extend the evidence that genetic factors do not play a major role in non-violent suicidal behaviour. The 5-HTTLPR S/L variants may have an impact on personality traits.", "journal": "Psychiatria Hungarica : A Magyar Pszichiatriai Tarsasag tudomanyos folyoirata", "year": "2005", "authors": "Fekete S, Zill P, Bondy B", "articleTypes": [ "English Abstract", "Journal Article" ], "doi": "", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.499Z" }, { "id": "61e534ae-802f-4892-ab66-22f666dcbd8d", "pmid": "16462816", "title": "Genetics of suicide.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The concept that genetic factors contribute to the complex trait of suicidal behaviour has stimulated much work aimed at identifying susceptibility genes. So far molecular genetic studies focused on the serotonergic pathway as the intent to die and the lethality of suicide acts were related to the serotonergic system. Two genes have so far emerged as being involved in the vulnerability for suicidality: first, the intronic polymorphisms (A218C or A779C) of the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene, which was suggested as a quantitative risk factor for suicidal behaviour; second, the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), which does not seem to be involved in general suicidal behaviour, but in violent and repeated suicide attempts. The data have further shown that the MAOA gene, which is consistently associated with impulsive-aggressive personality traits, is not related to suicide but might induce violent methods in subjects with other suicide risk factors. Predominantly negative were the findings with any type of the serotonin receptors and inconsistent with catecholamine-synthesizing and -metabolizing enzymes or with the dopaminergic receptors. This paper reviews the status of current knowledge in this area, points to the weakness of the investigations and presents new approaches beyond the serotonergic system.", "journal": "Molecular psychiatry", "year": "2006", "authors": "Bondy B, Buettner A, Zill P", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1038/sj.mp.4001803", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.497Z" }, { "id": "e4ffc881-643f-4666-acb2-e0206c32ace9", "pmid": "16510244", "title": "The serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism and suicide.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Serotonergic dysfunction has been implicated in mood disorders and in the pathophysiology of suicidality. A functional polymorphism (a 44-base pair insertion (L)/deletion (S)) in the promoter of the gene encoding the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR), associated with mood disorders, has been inconsistently associated with suicidality. To add to this debate, we designed a case-control study involving 62 suicide victims and 72 controls matched for age, gender and ethnicity. All subjects underwent forensic investigation. No association could be detected between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and suicide. This result is consistent with the proposal that different genes are involved in hopelessness and suicidal behavior or in depressive illness.", "journal": "Neuroscience letters", "year": "2006", "authors": "Helbecque N, Sparks DL, Hunsaker JC, Amouyel P", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.012", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.497Z" }, { "id": "896ae090-99ae-40a7-9434-0cf2db7d4a13", "pmid": "16690085", "title": "Association between serotonin transporter gene and borderline personality disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in regulation of emotion, interpersonal relationships, self-image, and impulse control beginning in early adulthood. BPD affects about 1-2% of the general population and has a high mortality rate as a result of suicide and impulsive behaviour. The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) is considered as a candidate gene for BPD as multiple lines of evidence have suggested that it plays an important role in suicide, impulsive behaviour, and emotional liability. To test for an association between 5-HTT and BPD, we genotyped three common polymorphisms: the serotonin transporter linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR); a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 2, and a single nucleotide variant (A/G) within the LPR region. Eighty-nine Caucasian patients with BPD and 269 Caucasian healthy controls were analyzed. The program UNPHASED was used to compare allele and haplotype frequencies between cases and controls. Significant differences in allele frequencies of the VNTR marker (p=0.012) and haplotype frequencies (p=0.002) between patients and controls were found. Compared with healthy controls, patients with BPD showed higher frequencies of the 10 repeat of the VNTR marker and the S-10 haplotype, and lower 12 repeat and L(A)-12 haplotype. Our results suggest that the serotonin transporter gene may play a role in the aetiology of borderline personality disorder.", "journal": "Journal of psychiatric research", "year": "2006", "authors": "Ni X, Chan K, Bulgin N, Sicard T, Bismil R, McMain S, Kennedy JL", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.03.010", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.274Z" }, { "id": "755105a9-cce6-4674-90e0-514e74334eb5", "pmid": "16859753", "title": "Association between suicide attempts in south Brazilian depressed patients with the serotonin transporter polymorphism.", "imported": false, "abstract": "A polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is being studied for association with suicidal behavior. We verified the relationship between the frequencies of the 5-HTTLPR alleles in 84 depressed patients with suicide attempts compared with 152 controls. We found a higher risk for suicide behavior among depressed patients bearing SS or LS genotypes.", "journal": "Psychiatry research", "year": "2006", "authors": "Segal J, Pujol C, Birck A, Gus Manfro G, Leistner-Segal S", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2005.03.008", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.274Z" }, { "id": "f736ee2b-a5a1-409e-ba39-97453b072558", "pmid": "16946185", "title": "Association of a triallelic serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism with stressful life events and severity of depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: The lower expressing allele of the serotonin transporter gene 5' promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism is reported to be associated with susceptibility to depression and suicidality in response to stressful life events. The authors examined the relationship of a triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism to stressful life events, severity of major depression, and suicidality.\n\nMETHOD: Mood disorder subjects (N=191) and healthy volunteers (N=125), all Caucasian subjects of European origin, were genotyped for the triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (higher expressing allele: L(A); lower expressing alleles: L(G), S). All subjects underwent structured clinical interviews to determine DSM-IV diagnoses, ratings of psychopathology, stressful life events, developmental history, and suicidal behavior. CSF 5-HIAA was assayed in a subgroup of subjects.\n\nRESULTS: Lower expressing alleles independently predicted greater depression severity and predicted greater severity of major depression with moderate to severe life events compared with the higher expressing L(A) allele. No associations with suicidal behavior and CSF 5-HIAA were found.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Lower expressing transporter alleles, directly and by increasing the impact of stressful life events on severity, explain 31% of the variance in major depression severity. The biological phenotype responsible for these effects remains to be elucidated.", "journal": "The American journal of psychiatry", "year": "2006", "authors": "Zalsman G, Huang YY, Oquendo MA, Burke AK, Hu XZ, Brent DA, Ellis SP, Goldman D, Mann JJ", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1176/ajp.2006.163.9.1588", "decision": "Exclude", "reason": "Duplicate", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.274Z" }, { "id": "3de6b748-72af-4cf4-a785-a7b4e972cbeb", "pmid": "16969272", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) and intron 2 (VNTR) polymorphisms: a study on Slovenian population of suicide victims.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Several studies have been carried out to investigate how genetic variants of gene encoding for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) may confer susceptibility to suicide. It was demonstrated that polymorphisms in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and in the second intron (VNTR) have functional consequences and are for this reason of particular interest in relation to various psychiatric disorders. In our study, we analyzed 5-HTTLPR and VNTR polymorphisms in 235 suicide victims and 233 controls in a Slovenian population to find a possible association of the polymorphisms and suicidal behavior. No statistically important differences between genotypes of controls and suicide group (5-HTTLPR: Pearson's chi2=1.597, df=2, P=0.455; VNTR: Pearson's chi=1.961, df=4, P=0.744), as well as no differences in allele distribution (5-HTTLPR: Pearson's chi2=0.598, df=1, P=0.467; VNTR: Pearson's chi2=0.837, df=2, P=0.654) were found, although a slightly higher frequency of LL genotype and of L allele was observed in the suicide group. Haplotype frequency analysis showed no excess of particular haplotypes between the two groups. Our study showed no association of serotonin transporter polymorphisms and suicide. The study, however, was performed on a population with a very high suicide rate (27.1 victims/100,000 citizens) and the role of 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms may be different in other populations.", "journal": "Psychiatric genetics", "year": "2006", "authors": "Pungercic G, Videtic A, Pestotnik A, Pajnic IZ, Zupanc T, Balazic J, Tomori M, Komel R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1097/01.ypg.0000218617.65633.9e", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.274Z" }, { "id": "c3ce8abe-b9f8-4734-a5f0-402ffcce48dd", "pmid": "16969368", "title": "Meta-analysis supports association between serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and suicidal behavior.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Suicidal behavior, which ranks among the top 10 causes of death worldwide, is an important public-health problem and a psychiatric disorder, which has been the subject of considerable study. Studies have shown association between the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and suicidal behavior, although a proportion of alternative studies have produced contrary results both in terms of positive and negative findings, possibly reflecting inadequate statistical power and the use of different populations. Using the cumulative data from recent years in both European and, more particularly, Asian populations, this updated meta-analysis seeks to examine whether the aggregate data provide evidence of statistical significance, and to clarify the contradictory findings suggested by previous studies. It covers all published studies using multiple research methods up to January 2006. Compared with a previous meta-analysis, which found no association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and suicidal behavior (P=0.38), the current results (39 studies) suggest a significant association with a P-value of 0.0068 (overall odds ratio=0.88 (0.8,0.97)), and supports the involvement of the brain 5-HTT in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior.", "journal": "Molecular psychiatry", "year": "2007", "authors": "Li D, He L", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1038/sj.mp.4001890", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.273Z" }, { "id": "86b140a3-6793-4640-a6fc-30f01e58fd5e", "pmid": "17028448", "title": "The serotonin transporter gene: polymorphism and haplotype analysis in Russian suicide attempters.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The focus on gender-specific genes associated with female suicide is justified by the possible dimorphic nature of the serotonergic system and by the greater number of suicide attempts in females. We performed analysis of the promoter (5-HTTLPR) and intron 2 (STin2 VNTR) polymorphisms and haplotypes of the serotonin transporter gene in Russian suicide attempters, separately in men and women. Our findings indicate the contribution of the SLC6A4 gene to susceptibility for suicidal behavior in women, but not in men. The L/L genotype (p = 0.013, OR = 2.09) and L10 haplotype (p = 0.04, OR = 1.77) were associated with suicide in Russian women only. Further investigations of this gene in different phenotypic groups are necessary.", "journal": "Neuropsychobiology", "year": "2006", "authors": "Gaysina D, Zainullina A, Gabdulhakov R, Khusnutdinova E", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1159/000096041", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:05.497Z" }, { "id": "55166712-f37a-47d9-a499-31bf8804302e", "pmid": "17029913", "title": "Association of the serotonin transporter promotor polymorphism with suicide attempters with a high medical damage.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Serotonergic neurotransmission has been implicated in suicidal behavior, including inconsistent results concerning the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). Here, we analyzed the 5-HTTLPR in suicide attempters (n=85). Comparing the presence of SS with SL+LL genotypes showed a significantly higher prevalence of the SS genotype in suicide attempters with high medical damage scores (chi2=9.054, df=1, p=0.0026). The results suggest that the S-allele may predispose for suicidal behavior characterized by high determination.", "journal": "European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology", "year": "2007", "authors": "Wasserman D, Geijer T, Sokolowski M, Frisch A, Michaelovsky E, Weizman A, Rozanov V, Wasserman J", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2006.08.006", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.273Z" }, { "id": "e5ec8ead-3bea-4f8c-8623-3d200f4055ba", "pmid": "17250473", "title": "Serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genotype, childhood abuse, and suicide attempts in adult psychiatric inpatients.", "imported": false, "abstract": "There is growing evidence that a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) moderates the impact of negative life events (e.g., childhood abuse) on the development of depression. However, it is unclear whether the gene x environment interaction predicts suicide attempts specifically. In addition, previous studies have not examined different forms of childhood abuse separately. In the current study, we found that 5-HTTLPR genotype moderated the link between childhood physical and sexual, but not emotional, abuse and adult psychiatric inpatients' histories of suicide attempts.", "journal": "Suicide & life-threatening behavior", "year": "2006", "authors": "Gibb BE, McGeary JE, Beevers CG, Miller IW", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1521/suli.2006.36.6.687", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.274Z" }, { "id": "8466a188-9839-4f5f-8b9b-8f82109dc9b3", "pmid": "17356577", "title": "Interaction between childhood trauma and serotonin transporter gene variation in suicide.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Although the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) contributes to depression and suicidality in a fashion modulated by environmental stress, 5-HTTLPR has been little examined in relation to suicidal behavior in substance dependence. Recently, a third functional allele of 5-HTTLPR was discovered enabling more of the interindividual variation in serotonin transporter expression to be predicted by genotype. We examined whether the 5-HTTLPR gene alone, or interacting with childhood trauma, was predictive of suicidal behavior in substance-dependent patients, a clinical population that is at high risk of suicide, as well as childhood trauma and other stress. We interviewed 306 abstinent male African-American substance-dependent patients about whether they had ever attempted suicide and administered the 34-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Patients and 132 male African-American controls were genotyped to determine the S, L(G), and L(A) 5-HTTLPR alleles; some analyses grouped the S and L(G) alleles on the basis of equivalent function. The distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotypes did not differ between patients and controls, nor between suicide attempters and non-attempters. However, patients with low expression 5-HTTLPR genotypes and above-median CTQ scores were more likely to have attempted suicide. Logistic regression showed increasing risk of a suicide attempt with increasing reports of childhood trauma scores; in addition, this increase was exaggerated among those with low expression forms of the 5-HTTLPR genotype. Childhood trauma interacts with low expressing 5-HTTLPR genotypes to increase the risk of suicidal behavior among patients with substance dependence.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology", "year": "2007", "authors": "Roy A, Hu XZ, Janal MN, Goldman D", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1038/sj.npp.1301331", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.273Z" }, { "id": "17ce0fb8-089b-46b3-be55-d0ad94c0d3f9", "pmid": "17460615", "title": "Gene-by-environment (serotonin transporter and childhood maltreatment) interaction for anxiety sensitivity, an intermediate phenotype for anxiety disorders.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a dispositional characteristic that predisposes to the development of anxiety disorders (eg, panic and post-traumatic stress disorder) and major depression. AS is subject to genetic and environmental influences, the former as yet unidentified and the latter known to include childhood maltreatment. The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) has been associated with depression, but most consistently in the context of environmental stress. We tested the hypothesis that 5-HTTLPR genotype and childhood maltreatment would interact to increase susceptibility to AS in young adults. Subjects were European-American college undergraduates (N=150, median age 18 years) characterized on a measures of AS (Anxiety Sensitivity Index) and retrospective childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [CTQ]). 5-HTTLPR genotypes were obtained from blood-derived DNA. Linear regression was used to model relationships between 5-HTTLPR, childhood emotional abuse, and AS; covariates such as sex, neuroticism, and ancestral proportion scores were incorporated into some models in a larger, ethnically heterogenous sample (N=247) to evaluate robustness of the findings to model assumptions. A statistically signficant interaction was observed between levels of childhood emotional (or physical) maltreatment and 5-HTTLPR genotype. Specifically, S/S individuals with higher levels of maltreatment had significantly higher levels of AS than subjects in other groups. No such relationship was found for neuroticism, attesting to the possible specificity of the findings for AS. Findings were consistently robust to the inclusion of covariates, and were not confounded by population stratification. In conclusion, these results provide evidence of a specific genetic influence on anxiety sensitivity-an intermediate phenotype for anxiety (and depressive) disorders; this effect is modified by severity of childhood maltreatment. These findings are consistent with the notion that 5-HTTLPR operates broadly to moderate emotional responsivity to stress.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology", "year": "2008", "authors": "Stein MB, Schork NJ, Gelernter J", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S." ], "doi": "10.1038/sj.npp.1301422", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.024Z" }, { "id": "1f378500-997a-4067-b82a-3eb9606cfe98", "pmid": "17579356", "title": "Is the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism associated with bipolar disorder or with suicidal behavior of bipolar disorder patients?", "imported": false, "abstract": "The serotonin transporter gene has a 44 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism within the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) with two allelic forms, the long (L) and the short (S) variants. Association between the low-activity S variant and bipolar disorder (BPD) has been shown but its replication has not been consistent. It has also been described as an association between the S allele and suicidal behavior. Since suicidal behavior is a rather frequent event in BPD, an important question is whether suicidality, instead of bipolarity itself, could be related to S allele. We assessed 351 subjects (167 bipolar inpatients and 184 healthy controls). Diagnosis was conducted by a psychiatrist using a structured interview (MINI-PLUS), according to DSM-IV criteria. Suicidal behavior was assessed using a semi-structured instrument and a review of medical records. Genotyping of the 5-HTTLPR was performed using PCR. There were 77 patients with a history of previous suicide attempts. Bipolar patients and healthy controls showed comparable genotypic and allelic frequencies. Patients carrying the S allele made violent suicide attempts more frequently (chi(2) = 20.2; P = 0.0001) and made more suicide attempts (t = 2.6; P = 0.01). We were able to show an association between the S allele and suicidal behavior but not with BPD. Our data suggest that a phenotypic stratification, taking into account the suicidal behavior history, is of pivotal importance when performing association studies between BPD and 5-HTTLPR genotypes, which could explain previous contradictory results.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics", "year": "2008", "authors": "Neves FS, Silveira G, Romano-Silva MA, Malloy-Diniz L, Ferreira AA, De Marco L, Correa H", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmg.b.30563", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.272Z" }, { "id": "6da64ed5-6157-4661-9128-28c2f808e416", "pmid": "17875025", "title": "Analysis of association of clinical correlates and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with suicidal behavior among Chinese methamphetamine abusers.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Substance use disorders are familial, and genetic factors explain a substantial degree of their familial aggregation. Methamphetamine (MAP) abusers are commonly noted as having psychosis, depression and suicidal behavior. The goals of the present study were (i) to investigate relations of clinical correlates, such as gender, drug use behavior, psychiatric comorbidity and psychiatry family history, with suicidal behavior among Chinese MAP abusers; and (ii) to investigate whether there is an association between a polymorphism in the promotor region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and suicidal behavior among Chinese MAP abusers. A total of 439 MAP abusers from a hospital and detention center in Taipei were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Study and the Family Interview for Genetic Study. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was compared between 94 MAP abusers with suicide attempts and 294 MAP abusers without suicide attempts, for whom DNA data were available. The results of the present study indicate that among MAP abusers in Taiwan, suicide attempts were significantly related to female gender, history of MAP-induced psychotic disorder, history of MAP-induced depressive disorder, and family history of psychotic disorders. Among suicide attempters, the attempters with moderate to severe lethality used higher MAP doses than those with minimal to mild lethality. In the present sample the triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (S, L(G), L(A)) was not associated with MAP-induced depressive disorder, MAP-induced psychotic disorder or suicidal behavior, but studies with larger sample sizes are warranted before excluding the role of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms in suicidal behavior among MAP abusers.", "journal": "Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences", "year": "2007", "authors": "Chen CK, Lin SK, Huang MC, Su LW, Hsiao CC, Chiang YL, Ree SC, Chiang SC, Liu HC", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01696.x", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.273Z" }, { "id": "1a3a18a7-32a4-4247-9c6e-62befdea4cd9", "pmid": "17909168", "title": "Relationship of SERT polymorphisms to depressive and anxiety symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome.", "imported": false, "abstract": "This study investigates the association of psychological symptoms with the distribution of two serotonin transporter gene (SERT) polymorphisms, located in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and in intron 2 (STin2 VNTR), in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Participants, 21 men and 117 women, were assessed for mental health history and current psychological distress. A blood sample was used for genotyping. Participants who were homozygous for the short allele of 5-HTTLPR or carried a STin2.9 VNTR allele were significantly more likely to have a history of depression. Participants did not differ by genotype in their history of anxiety or suicidal ideation nor in their current levels of depression, anxiety, or general psychological distress. The results support a biopsychosocial model of IBS in which SERT genotype modifies the risk for depressive episodes. Long term, practitioners may individualize treatment of patients with IBS using genotype as one of the factors.", "journal": "Biological research for nursing", "year": "2007", "authors": "Jarrett ME, Kohen R, Cain KC, Burr RL, Poppe A, Navaja GP, Heitkemper MM", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1177/1099800407307822", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.273Z" }, { "id": "688db126-0f2b-4937-a0bf-8dd1f669e0cb", "pmid": "18004675", "title": "Association between the serotonin transporter gene and personality traits in borderline personality disorder patients evaluated with Zuckerman-Zuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ).", "imported": false, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: The serotoninergic system seems to be implicated in characteristic symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) such as affective instability, impulsivity or suicide. Some studies suggest an association between serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) polymorphisms and some BPD symptoms. Short allele (S) of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the promoter region has been shown to be associated with impulsivity, aggressive behavior, anxiety and neuroticism. Of the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 2, BPD patients showed higher frequencies of the allele with the 10 repeats. The aim of this study was to determine the association between 5- HTTLPR and VNTR polymorphism of 5-HTT and personality traits in borderline personality disorder.\n\nMETHOD: A total of 65 BPD patients diagnosed by means of semi-structured interviews SCID-II and DIB-R were included. Two common polymorphisms of 5-HTT were genotyped: the 5-HTTLPR in the promoter region and VNTR in intron 2. Personality traits were assessed by the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ).\n\nRESULTS: Patients with L allele (L/S or L/L) in the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism showed lower scores on the subscale of liking parties and friends. Patients with the allele with 10 repeat of the VNTR polymorphism, showed lower scores in impulsivity, sensation seeking and in the subscale liking of parties and friends.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a significant association between the 5-HTT gene and some personality traits in BPD. This gene may play a role in the etiology of borderline personality disorder.", "journal": "Actas espanolas de psiquiatria", "year": "2007", "authors": "Pascual JC, Soler J, Baiget M, Cortés A, Menoyo A, Barrachina J, Ropero M, Gomà M, Alvarez E, Perez V", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Validation Study" ], "doi": "", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.273Z" }, { "id": "bf39e733-a084-49bf-8277-5d855bef81fd", "pmid": "18064872", "title": "[Treatment of depression from the point of view of suicide prevention].", "imported": false, "abstract": "In recent years, the annual number of suicide victims is over 30,000 in Japan. Most of the these suicides are considered to be caused by depressive disorders. Therefore, intervention in the early stage of depression must be performed to prevent suicide. Firstly, new antidepressant drugs such as SSRIs and SNRIs are very useful to treat depressive disorders without severe adverse effects, which might lead to a good rate of adherance to the drugs. However, the use of newer antidepressant drugs might be accompanied with some problems such as activation syndrome, serotonin syndrome, withdrawal syndrome, and suicidal-like behaviors. Secondly, it is important to predict whether the response to antidepressant drugs will shorten the treatment period. The polymorphisms of 5-HTTLPR and plasma MHPG levels might predict the response to SSRIs and SNRIs. Thirdly, we should work to achieve complete remission including social adjustment and also adjustment in the work place instead of just partial remission. SASS is one of the useful rating scales for assessing social adaptation. In addition, the continuation of maintenance treatment for a sufficient duration is necessary to prevent relapse. Taken together, early intervention with precise pharmacotherapy (ECT or rTMS in refractory cases) and psychotherapy is important to prevent suicide.", "journal": "Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica", "year": "2007", "authors": "Yoshimura R", "articleTypes": [ "English Abstract", "Journal Article", "Review" ], "doi": "", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.273Z" }, { "id": "fa3f180f-b320-4bd9-88ae-92b7106438a7", "pmid": "18314311", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms: effect on serotonin transporter availability in the brain of suicide attempters.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression and anxiety disorders suggests the gene coding for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), SLC6A4, as a candidate of importance for these conditions. Positive findings regarding associations between polymorphisms in SLC6A4 have been reported, indicating that these polymorphisms may influence anxiety-related personality traits, as well as the risk of developing depression and suicidality. Serotonin 5-HTT availability was assessed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), using (123)I-beta-CIT as ligand, in a population of unmedicated male suicide attempters (n=9) and in matched controls (n=9). Two polymorphisms in SLC6A4 were assessed, including the 5-HTTLPR located in the promoter region and a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 2 (STin2). In suicide attempters, but not in controls, low 5-HTT availability was associated with the S allele of 5-HTTLPR and with the 12 repeat allele of STin2. Data suggest that polymorphisms in SLC6A4 may influence the expression of the brain serotonin transporter in suicide attempters.", "journal": "Psychiatry research", "year": "2008", "authors": "Bah J, Lindström M, Westberg L, Mannerås L, Ryding E, Henningsson S, Melke J, Rosén I, Träskman-Bendz L, Eriksson E", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.07.004", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.272Z" }, { "id": "82cc4694-3085-42e3-b4f2-fa2343029993", "pmid": "18315446", "title": "Serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and citalopram effectiveness and side effects in children with depression and/or anxiety disorders.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and citalopram effectiveness and side effects in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and/or anxiety disorders.\n\nMETHODS: Outpatients, aged 7- 18 years with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) MDD and/or anxiety disorder were treated in an 8-week open trial with 20-40 mg/day of citalopram. Subjects were genotyped with respect to short (s) versus long (l) forms of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter, and the relationship between genotype and outcome and side effects was assessed.\n\nRESULTS: Subjects with 5-HTTLPR ss genotype showed a less vigorous response with regard to depressive symptoms measured by the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) scores over time compared to subjects with sl/ll genotypes (beta = 0.67, z = 2.02, p = 0.04). In addition, the 5-HTTLPR ss group exhibited lower rates of agitation compared to those with sl/ll genotype (6.3% vs. 32.8%, p = 0.05). Also, subjects with 5-HTTLPR ss genotype had consistently higher scores of suicidality at each week compared to the sl/ll group (beta = 0.76, z = 2.04, p = 0.04) as measured by item number 13 of the CDRS-R.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The 5-HTTLPR ss genotype was associated with a poorer clinical response with regard to depressive symptoms as well with fewer reports of agitation. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may be a genetic marker of response to citalopram in children and adolescents with depression and/or anxiety.", "journal": "Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology", "year": "2007", "authors": "Kronenberg S, Apter A, Brent D, Schirman S, Melhem N, Pick N, Gothelf D, Carmel M, Frisch A, Weizman A", "articleTypes": [ "Clinical Trial", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1089/cap.2006.0144", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.273Z" }, { "id": "a9d89e87-01d8-4df4-bcc0-f91e30d6245f", "pmid": "18534686", "title": "Depression and the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR polymorphism: a review and a hypothesis concerning gene-environment interaction.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Studies of the interaction of the serotonin transporter genotype and environment upon adult depression (G x E) have suggested a role for both childhood maltreatment and stressful life events. This paper deals with two main issues. First, do both contribute? Evidence that G x E with childhood maltreatment plays a role is much stronger than that for G x E with life events occurring close to onset, although that for G x E with life events occurring over a 5-year period before the presence of the recorded depression is stronger. However, non-genetic research shows that life events occurring so long before onset as 5 years have little or no relationship with adult depression once childhood maltreatment is taken into account, suggesting they serve as a marker for childhood maltreatment rather than making a direct contribution to G x E. Second, genetic research has dealt only with the presence of depression and taking account of course may radically change ideas about the point at which G x E occurs. Two findings from non-genetic research concerning childhood maltreatment are relevant. Childhood maltreatment is associated with a particularly high risk of an adult onset of depression taking a chronic course (i.e. lasting 12 months or more). Moreover such maltreatment makes a substantial direct contribution - i.e. its link with course is independent of all other childhood and adult risk factors. This is consistent with early changes in brain function associated with the polymorphism in the context of childhood maltreatment explaining the link of such maltreatment with adult chronic episodes. It also follows that restricting analysis to such episodes would increase current estimates of G x E.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2008", "authors": "Brown GW, Harris TO", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2008.04.009", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.024Z" }, { "id": "2bf2e744-2c2c-4dfc-993c-aa4d6112b41e", "pmid": "18756498", "title": "Interaction between gene variants of the serotonin transporter promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) in borderline personality disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a heterogeneous symptomatology with instability in impulse control, interpersonal relationships and self-image. BPD patients display repeated self-injury, chronic suicidal tendencies and emotional dysregulation, mainly dysregulation of negative affect. In its etiology, genetic and environmental factors have been suggested. Recently, an investigation in male healthy volunteers found gene-gene effects of the catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) low-activity (Met(158)) and the low-expression allele of the deletion/insertion (short/long or S/L, respectively) polymorphism in the serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) on the central processing of aversive stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to test for association between BPD and the COMT Val(158)Met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the 5-HTTLPR S/L variant and the interaction of these two gene variants. One hundred sixty one well-defined Caucasian BPD patients and 156 healthy controls were recruited from central Germany. In BPD patients, the genotype COMT Met(158)Met was over-represented compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0085; adjusted P = 0.034). We observed no differences in 5-HTTLPR genotypes between BPD and controls (P = 0.286). Additionally, the COMT Met(158)Met genotype was significantly over-represented in BPD patients carrying at least one 5-HTTLPR S allele (P = 0.0007; adjusted P = 0.028). Logistic regression analysis confirmed an interaction of the COMT Met(158) and the 5-HTTLPR S allele (P = 0.001). These data suggest an involvement of altered dopaminergic and/or noradrenergic neurotransmission as well as an interactive effect of COMT and 5-HTTLPR gene variants in the etiology of BPD, and underline the usefulness of analyses of gene-gene effects in diseases of complex inheritance with multiple genes involved.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics", "year": "2009", "authors": "Tadić A, Victor A, Başkaya O, von Cube R, Hoch J, Kouti I, Anicker NJ, Höppner W, Lieb K, Dahmen N", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmg.b.30843", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.270Z" }, { "id": "979a8ad0-3383-4e1a-a187-0429e498d1c5", "pmid": "18797395", "title": "Association between the A-1438G polymorphism of the serotonin 2A receptor gene and nonimpulsive suicide attempts.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between four serotonergic polymorphisms [A-1438G (rs6311) and T102C (rs6313) of the serotonin 2A receptor gene, and STin2 VNTR and 5-HTTLPR of the SLC6A4 gene] and suicidal behavior.\n\nPARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: One hundred and ninety-three suicide attempters (SA) and 420 unrelated healthy controls from Asturias (Northern Spain) were genotyped using standard methods.\n\nRESULTS: A-1438G and T102C polymorphisms were in complete linkage disequilibrium in our population. Genotype and allele distributions showed no differences between SA and control participants. In nonimpulsive suicide attempts, however, we found an excess of the -1438A allele as compared with impulsive suicide attempts and the control group [chi(2)=11.92, corrected P=0.021]. No other differences were found with regard to the impulsivity of the attempt. An excess of short allele carriers were found in the group of SA with high clinical lethality as compared with the low-lethality group [chi(1)=4.93, P=0.026, not significant after Bonferroni correction]. The haplotype analysis showed no association between suicide attempt and haplotype distribution [likelihood ratio test (5)=4.40, P=0.493].\n\nCONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the -1438A allele may predispose for nonimpulsive suicidal behavior.", "journal": "Psychiatric genetics", "year": "2008", "authors": "Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Paredes B, Arango C, Morales B, Alvarez V, Coto E, Bascaran MT, Bousoño M, Bobes J", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1097/YPG.0b013e3283050ada", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.272Z" }, { "id": "5bd491d5-54d0-43fa-8877-9fb83627c7e7", "pmid": "19103261", "title": "Novel allelic variants in the human serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) among depressed patients with suicide attempt.", "imported": false, "abstract": "A polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is being extensively studied for association with suicidal behavior. A new allelic variant within the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was described but it has not been thoroughly analyzed in the recent literature. The SNP functional analysis demonstrated that the A variant of the L allele (L(A)) produces high levels of mRNA and that the G variant (L(G)) is equivalent to the S allele. Our aims were to compare the frequency of 5-HTTLPR alleles in 94 depressed patients who attempted suicide compared to 94 controls free of psychiatric disorder, including the embedded SNP rs25531. Using the biallelic classification, our sample contained 62 (33%) LL, 76 (40.4%) LS, and 50 (26.6%) SS individuals. Using the functional classification system, our sample contained 43 (22.5%) L'L', 84 (44.7%) L'S', and 61 (32.4%) S'S' individuals, with no significant differences between cases and controls in genotypic tests in either biallelic (chi(2)=2.543; df=2; p=0.280) and functional models (chi(2)=2.995; df=2; p=0.228). The minor allele frequency (MAF) - the S allele - did not show any distributional difference between cases and controls using biallelic classification system 0.51 vs. 0.43, (OR=1.41; CI95% 0.94 to 2.12; p=0.121). Also the S' allele of the functional classification system did not show any distributional difference between the two groups 0.59. vs. 0.51 (OR=1.35; CI95% 0.90 to 2.03; p=0.178). This study provided the possibility of a re-analysis of novell 5-HTTLPR functional variants identified within L allele that alters its mRNA production and thus changes its functionality. We could not find any association between both biallelic and functional 5-HTTLPR in depressed patients with suicide attempt, being the small sample size an important limitation for these results. In conclusion, we can suggest that despite the several studies in this issue, the exact effect and role of 5-HTTLPR in genetics of suicide is still unclear and should be better investigated for future studies.", "journal": "Neuroscience letters", "year": "2009", "authors": "Segal J, Schenkel LC, Oliveira MH, Salum GA, Bau CH, Manfro GG, Leistner-Segal S", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2008.12.015", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.272Z" }, { "id": "464451e2-90f0-4af9-b0e1-144c195bf4a3", "pmid": "19288578", "title": "Reported childhood abuse is associated with low serotonin transporter binding in vivo in major depressive disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Physical or psychological adversity in childhood is associated with a higher risk for depression in adulthood, and with persistent serotonergic abnormalities in humans and in animal models. We hypothesized that reported childhood abuse would be associated with lower brain serotonin transporter (5-HTT) binding potential (BP(P), proportional to the number of available transporters) in adults. We examined healthy volunteers and subjects with major depressive disorder, a sample enriched for childhood abuse.\n\nMETHODS: Regional brain 5-HTT BP(P) was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) with [(11)C]McN 5652 and a metabolite-corrected arterial input function in 43 healthy volunteers and 23 subjects in a major depressive episode, ten of whom reported a history of sexual and/or physical abuse before age 15, and 13 of whom did not. As only two healthy volunteers reported childhood abuse, primary analyses were restricted to the depressed sample, with healthy controls presented as comparators.\n\nRESULTS: Depressed subjects reporting childhood abuse had lower 5-HTT BP(P) than nonabused depressed subjects across all brain regions examined (P = 0.017). The groups did not differ in relevant demographic or clinical variables. Genotype frequencies of a functional polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) did not differ between the groups.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Reported childhood abuse is associated with lower 5-HTT BP(P) in this sample of subjects with major depression, consistent with other reports that childhood adversity can lower serotonergic function permanently. Lower 5-HTT BP(P) may represent a biological pathway through which early life stress predisposes to the development of subsequent psychiatric illness, including major depressive disorder.", "journal": "Synapse (New York, N.Y.)", "year": "2009", "authors": "Miller JM, Kinnally EL, Ogden RT, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ, Parsey RV", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1002/syn.20637", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.270Z" }, { "id": "115f855c-bf50-402a-9984-06c5b60f5e27", "pmid": "19568851", "title": "Molecular epidemiology of major depressive disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Major depressive disorder causes significant morbidity, affecting people's ability to work, function in relationships, and engage in social activities. Moreover, major depressive disorder increases the risk of suicidal ideation, attempted suicide and death by completed suicide. There is evidence that chronic stress can cause major depressive disorder. As for genetic factors, only minor susceptibility genes have been reliably identified. The serotonin system provides a logical source of susceptibility genes for depression, because this system is the target of selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitor drugs that are effective in treating depression. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) transporter (5-HTT) has received particular attention because it is involved in the reuptake of serotonin at brain synapses. One common polymorphic variant of the 5-HTT-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), which affects the promoter of the 5-HTT gene, causes reduced uptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin into the presynaptic cells in the brain. The authors discussed the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and major depressive disorder, with special emphasis on the 5-HTTTLPR polymorphism. As the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of major depressive disorder, the 5-HTT gene may be a candidate for a major depressive disorder susceptibility gene. As major depressive disorder is a multifactorial disease, an improved understanding of the interplay of environmental and genetic polymorphisms at multiple loci may help identify individuals who are at increased risk for major depressive disorder. Hopefully, in the future we will be able to screen for major depressive disorder susceptibility by using specific biomarkers.", "journal": "Environmental health and preventive medicine", "year": "2009", "authors": "Kiyohara C, Yoshimasu K", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1101/gr.204001", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.272Z" }, { "id": "7d62bd62-a29c-4d6d-8c01-de6d41fb6be3", "pmid": "19573496", "title": "Association of adverse childhood environment and 5-HTTLPR Genotype with late-life depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: Neurobiological and clinical studies suggest that childhood maltreatment may result in functional and structural nervous system changes that predispose the individual to depression. This vulnerability appears to be modulated by a polymorphism in the serotonin gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR). Little is known, however, about the persistence of this vulnerability across the life span, although clinical studies of adult populations suggest that gene-environment interaction may diminish with aging.\n\nMETHOD: Depressive symptomatology and adverse and protective childhood events were examined in a population of 942 persons aged 65 years and older, taking into account sociodemographic characteristics and proximal competing causes of depression (widowhood, recent life events, vascular and neurologic disorder, and disability). Subjects were recruited between March 1999 and February 2001 and were diagnosed as depressed if they met 1 of 3 criteria: a diagnosis of major depression on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, a score higher than 16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, or current treatment with an antidepressant.\n\nRESULTS: Exposure to traumatic events in childhood doubled the risk of late-life depression and increased the risk of repeated episodes. Not all events were found to be pathogenic; significant risk was associated with excessive sharing of parental problems, poverty or financial difficulties, mental disorder in parents, excessive physical punishment, verbal abuse from parents, humiliation, and mistreatment by an adult outside the family. Interactions were observed between the 5-HTTLPR long (L) allele, poverty, and excessive sharing of parental problems.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Certain types of childhood trauma continue to constitute risk factors for depression in old age, outweighing more proximal causes. Gene environment vulnerability interaction is linked in older age to the L-carrying genotype, modulating the effects of general environmental conditions rather than aggressive acts on the individual, perhaps due to increased cardiac reactivity.", "journal": "The Journal of clinical psychiatry", "year": "2009", "authors": "Ritchie K, Jaussent I, Stewart R, Dupuy AM, Courtet P, Ancelin ML, Malafosse A", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.4088/JCP.08m04510", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.023Z" }, { "id": "0f19ec17-b38e-4c16-97a5-5342d027386a", "pmid": "19590996", "title": "Life-time adversities, reported thirteen years after a suicide attempt: relationship to recovery, 5HTTLPR genotype, and past and present morbidity.", "imported": false, "abstract": "In this study, we investigated how adversities related to past and present morbidity, and genotype. Forty-two, suicide attempters and 22 matched control patients were followed-up after 13 years. Life-time adversities were explored in an interview, and the patients were reassessed psychiatrically. The serotonin-transporter-linked promotor region (5-HTTLPR) was typed. More adversities were reported by suicide attempters than controls, and by still-ill than recovered suicide attempters. Adversities reported at follow-up were related to psychiatric morbidity at follow-up, but not to morbidity 13 years earlier. The 5-HTTLPR, genotype was associated with reported adversities, but not chances of recovery. Adversities potentially affected chronic morbidity. 5-HTTLPR genotype did not affect long-term recovery.", "journal": "Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research", "year": "2009", "authors": "Vang FJ, Lindström M, Sunnqvist C, Bah-Rösman J, Johanson A, Träskman-Bendz L", "articleTypes": [ "Comparative Study", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1080/13811110903044328", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.272Z" }, { "id": "08efe448-4fa1-4280-bcfc-817135489c81", "pmid": "19699062", "title": "The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and affective symptoms among women diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Gene variants of the serotonin transporter have been associated with vulnerability to affective disorders. In particular, the presence of one or two copies of the short (s) allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism has been associated with reduced serotonin transporter expression and function, and vulnerability to affective disorders. To test for an association between variants of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and relevant clinical features of borderline personality disorder (BPD), a psychiatric disorder with symptoms characteristic for serotonin dysfunction, 77 women with BPD were genotyped in the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. They rated their subjective experience of borderline-specific, depressive, anxious and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and were interviewed about lifetime incidence of suicide attempts and self-harming acts. Carriers of two s alleles of the 5-HTTLPR reported more symptoms of borderline, depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behaviours, but not of suicidal and self-injury behaviour, compared to carriers of a long (l) allele. This indicates that the 5-HTTLPR ss homozygous genotype might influence serotonin function affecting susceptibility to both borderline-specific, depressive, anxious and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in BPD, and leading to a more severe symptomatology related to these clinical features. Further, this suggests that 5-HTT gene variants may not be as influential on suicidal and self-injury behaviour in BPD.", "journal": "European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists", "year": "2010", "authors": "Maurex L, Zaboli G, Ohman A, Asberg M, Leopardi R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.001", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.270Z" }, { "id": "c614f9b6-bb56-4355-bfcf-fa8bb77deff5", "pmid": "19779024", "title": "Interaction of child maltreatment and 5-HTT polymorphisms: suicidal ideation among children from low-SES backgrounds.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether genotypic variation of the serotonin transporter gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) moderates the effect of maltreatment on suicidal ideation in school-aged children.\n\nMETHODS: Eight hundred and fifty low-income children (478 maltreated; 372 non-maltreated) provided DNA samples and self-reported depressive and suicidal symptoms. Genotypes of 5-HTTLPR (s/s or s/l vs. l/l) were determined by fragment analyses.\n\nRESULTS: Higher suicidal ideation was found among maltreated than non-maltreated children; the groups did not differ in 5-HTTLPR genotype frequencies. Children with one to two maltreatment subtypes and s/s or s/l genotypes had higher suicidal ideation than those with the l/l genotype; suicidal ideation did not differ in non-maltreated children or children with three to four maltreatment subtypes based on 5-HTTLPR variation. The results were applicable to emotionally maltreated/neglected and to physically/sexually abused children. Gene-environment interaction was not found for depressive symptoms.\n\nCONCLUSION: The protective effect of the 5-HTTLPR l/l genotype on suicidal ideation was limited to maltreated children experiencing fewer subtypes.", "journal": "Journal of pediatric psychology", "year": "2010", "authors": "Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA, Sturge-Apple M, Toth SL", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1093/jpepsy/jsp078", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.270Z" }, { "id": "0251268c-c09c-411d-8141-72256f3a0bcd", "pmid": "20096463", "title": "Is the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) a potential marker for suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder patients?", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Suicide prediction is a huge challenge for mental health workers. Structured interviews based on epidemiological and clinical factors don't show effectiveness for suicide prevention. Biological markers, such as 5-HTTLPR, could help for identification of potential suicide attempters.\n\nMETHODS: We evaluated 198 bipolar patients and 103 health controls, using a structured interview according to DSM-IV criteria. Genotyping, blind of clinical assessment for identification of S carriers and structured interviews were performed in order to describe clinical and epidemiological factors which could be associated with suicide behavior. Statistical analyses were calculated by the x(2) test and logistic regression model.\n\nRESULTS: We found that 26.77% and 16.67% had a lifetime history of non violent suicide attempt and violent suicide attempt, respectively. The clinical factors associated with violent and non violent suicide attempt had several differences. Violent suicide attempters had an earlier illness onset and had a higher number of psychiatric comorbidities (borderline personality disorder, panic disorder and alcoholism). The frequency of S allele carriers was higher only in those patients who had made a violent suicide attempt in their lifetime (x(2)=16.969; p=0.0001). In a logistic regression model including these factors, S allele carrier (5-HTTLPR) was the only factor associated with violent suicide attempt.\n\nLIMITATIONS: Sample size and retrospective assessment of suicide behavior history are the limitations of this study.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that serotonin polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) is strongly associated with violent suicidal behavior in BD patients. If confirmed, our results could be an important step to create a genetic tool for long-term suicide prediction.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2010", "authors": "Neves FS, Malloy-Diniz LF, Romano-Silva MA, Aguiar GC, de Matos LO, Correa H", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2009.12.026", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.269Z" }, { "id": "cde3ddd3-7b57-441e-8dda-f72f9c154cd4", "pmid": "20397838", "title": "Association of serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) with depression in Costa Rican schizophrenic patients.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Depression and suicidal behavior are frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia. The serotonin transporter protein regulates serotonergic signaling at synapses and is encoded by a single gene (SLC6A4; Locus Link ID: 6532), located at 17q11.1-q12 with two polymorphic variants (the short and the long allele). The short allele of serotonin transporter gene has been associated with depression and suicidality in individuals who suffered negative life events and with depression in individuals with chronic psychosis.. Subjects were recruited from a genetic study of schizophrenia conducted in Costa Rica. The authors replicated their previous research, using a more narrow phenotype (only schizophrenic subjects) and a more ethnically homogenous sample (only Costa Rican schizophrenic individuals who were not included in the previous study). The authors hypothesized that subjects with at least one copy of the serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) \"s\" allele would have a greater history of lifetime depression and suicidability rate than those who had an \"l/l\" genotype. The authors analyzed 155 subjects with a DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) diagnosis of schizophrenia (73% male, age at interview 38.3, SD = 11.23). The genotype distribution was \"ss\" 58 (37%), \"sl\" 69 (45%), and \"ll\" 28 (18%). In the secondary analysis, the authors explored association of the \"s\" allele with lifetime history of suicide behavior in 173 subjects (18 more subjects than primary analysis because schizophrenic individuals were included regardless of history of depression). The authors found that subjects carrying at least one short allele had a significant increased lifetime risk for depressive syndromes (chi(2) = 5.4, df = 1, P = 0.02; odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-6.3). No association was found for suicidal behavior in the same sample (chi(2) = 0.928, P = 0.629). In conclusion, the genotype at the 5-HTTLPR promoter polymorphic locus increases the risk of developing major depression but not suicidal behavior during the course of the schizophrenia in these patients. Due to the small sample size, these results should be followed by definitive replication.", "journal": "Journal of neurogenetics", "year": "2010", "authors": "Contreras J, Hernández S, Quezada P, Dassori A, Walss-Bass C, Escamilla M, Raventos H", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.3109/01677060903583994", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.269Z" }, { "id": "1176727f-3a31-41e2-8588-e0dd75066282", "pmid": "20438360", "title": "Investigation of serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) and intron 2 (variable number of tandem repeats) polymorphisms with suicidal behavior in a Turkish population.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) transporter (5HTt) gene has been reported to be associated with suicidal behavior. In this study, we have investigated the 5' promoter region (i.e., 5HTt gene-linked polymorphic region [5-HTTLPR]) and a 17-base pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in the 5HTt gene for potential association with suicidal behavior in a Turkish population. Genotypes were determined for 182 subjects of suicide (86 attempted suicide and 96 completed suicide) and 181 healthy control subjects. Our results showed that allele frequencies at individual loci were not significantly different in the two groups. This absence of altered individual locus haplotype (allele) frequency suggests the lack of a significant genetic contribution by the 5-HTTLPR or variable number of tandem repeats variations to the expression of suicidal tendencies. However, our linkage disequilibrium analyses indicated that there may be a greater risk for suicidal behavior in carriers of the S10 and L12 alleles of 5-HTTLPR.", "journal": "DNA and cell biology", "year": "2010", "authors": "Akar T, Sayin A, Bakkaloğlu Z, Cabuk DK, Küçükyildirim S, Demirel B, Candansayar S, Ozsoy ED, Mergen H", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1089/dna.2010.1031", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.269Z" }, { "id": "2bd81c05-9240-4b75-93f0-98f14edba14c", "pmid": "20444577", "title": "Timing is critical: gene, environment and timing interactions in genetics of suicide in children and adolescents.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Suicidal behavior runs in families and is prevalent in adolescence. Case-control and family-based studies in this age group failed to find a genetic association that survived replications. Gene environment approach gave new hope for possible associations especially with the short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). However, a recent meta-analysis raised doubts about the consistency of these findings. Some new structural and functional imaging data may shade light on the age-related and gender-related development of the brain. This review suggests a new approach to gene by environment and timing interaction to understand the interplay that leads to suicidality in adolescents and young adults.", "journal": "European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists", "year": "2010", "authors": "Zalsman G", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.01.007", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.270Z" }, { "id": "a7b7f2a2-4796-4e46-8756-c4d1d3bab342", "pmid": "20455953", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene, childhood emotional abuse and cognitive vulnerability to depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Meta-analyses evaluating the association between the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) with neuroticism and depression diagnosis as phenotypes have been inconclusive. We examined a gene-environment interaction on a cognitive vulnerability marker of depression, cognitive reactivity (CR) to sad mood. A total of 250 university students of European ancestry were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR, including SNP rs25531, a polymorphism of the long allele. Association analysis was performed for neuroticism, CR and depression diagnosis (using a self-report measure). As an environmental pathogen, self-reported history of childhood emotional abuse was measured because of its strong relationship with depression. Participants with the homozygous low expressing genotype had high CR if they had experienced childhood emotional maltreatment but low CR if they did not have such experience. This interaction was strongest on the Rumination subscale of the CR measure. The interaction was not significant with neuroticism or depression diagnosis as outcome measures. Our results show that 5-HTTLPR is related to cognitive vulnerability to depression. Our findings provide evidence for a differential susceptibility genotype rather than a vulnerability genotype, possibly because of the relatively low levels of abuse in our sample. The selection of phenotype and environmental contributor is pivotal in investigating gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disorders.", "journal": "Genes, brain, and behavior", "year": "2010", "authors": "Antypa N, Van der Does AJ", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00593.x", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.023Z" }, { "id": "66cea059-e9ba-409b-8bd9-9df0e54a43a6", "pmid": "20692103", "title": "Early-life stress, corticotropin-releasing factor, and serotonin transporter gene: a pilot study.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Recent studies have indicated a gene-by-environment interaction between serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism and childhood abuse on depressive symptoms. In addition, persistent elevation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) concentrations following early-life adversity has been posited to underlie the subsequent development of major depression. This pilot study tested the hypothesis that elevations of juvenile CSF CRF concentrations are, in part, determined by an interaction between polymorphisms of the 5-HTTLPR and early-life stress. Nine juvenile male bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) had been raised under variable foraging demand (VFD) conditions, a nonhuman primate model of early-life stress, whereas nine subjects were normatively raised under LFD (low foraging demand) conditions. Genotyping revealed that four (44.4%) of the VFD-reared monkeys possessed at least one \"s\" allele whereas five VFD monkeys were of the l/l genotype. Of the nine LFD subjects, two (22%) had the s/l genotype and seven had the l/l genotype. A \"juvenile\" CSF sample was obtained at approximately 3 years of age. CSF CRF concentrations were elevated specifically in the VFD \"s/s\" and \"s/l\" allele group in comparison to each of the remaining three groups, indicating a gene-by-environment (G×E) interaction.", "journal": "Psychoneuroendocrinology", "year": "2011", "authors": "Coplan JD, Abdallah CG, Kaufman J, Gelernter J, Smith EL, Perera TD, Dwork AJ, Kaffman A, Gorman JM, Rosenblum LA, Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.011", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.269Z" }, { "id": "1f7d3b07-952e-4c57-a86e-768d27921736", "pmid": "20837566", "title": "The possible contributory role of the S allele of 5-HTTLPR in the emergence of suicidality.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Suicide is a complex and challenging human phenomenon, and, although knowledge is expanding concerning its risk factors, its background is still not fully understood. There is currently an increasing interest in genetic factors associated with suicide, since these may lead to the emergence of personality traits and temperaments that may be long-term predictors of suicidal behaviour. One of the most likely genetic candidates in the background of suicide is the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. This review focused on papers published on the association of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and suicidal behaviour as well as research on possible endophenotypes related to suicide. Although there are contradictory results, several studies and meta-analyses support the idea that the S allele plays a role in the background of violent suicide. However, in order to be able to delineate the genetic background of suicide, different types of suicidal behaviour should be distinguished, since studies indicate that these may have different genetic factors. Also, personality traits and temperaments should be identified that may play a modulating role between genetic factors and suicidal behaviour. So far, neuroticism, affective temperaments, and impulsive aggression have been found to be associated with both the S allele and suicidal behaviour. This study aimed to integrate findings concerning possible endophenotypes modulating between genetic factors and manifested suicidal behaviour.", "journal": "Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)", "year": "2011", "authors": "Gonda X, Fountoulakis KN, Harro J, Pompili M, Akiskal HS, Bagdy G, Rihmer Z", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1177/0269881110376693", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.268Z" }, { "id": "cddcd50c-af57-4c86-9753-85c946ed7058", "pmid": "20862697", "title": "Rare genotype combination of the serotonin transporter gene associated with treatment response in severe personality disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The insertion deletion (ins/del) polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been associated with several psychiatric phenotypes and antidepressant's response. We investigated, in a large cohort of 5,608 controls and subjects suffering from various psychiatric disorders, the frequency of haplotypes and corresponding genotypes combining the 5-HTTLPR and the other serotonin transporter promoter functional variant (rs25531). We showed that rs25531 lies 18 bp 5' to the site where the 43 bp (and not 44 bp as previously described) ins/del defines the 14- and 16-repeat alleles. These polymorphisms should therefore be considered as four alleles instead of a triallelic unique locus. The very rare G-14/G-16 genotype was carried on by only three subjects. These are women with a history of suicide attempt with a psychiatric history strongly suggesting a borderline personality disorder. Two of them have shown a non-response to serotoninergic antidepressant. Interestingly, in one of them was observed a spectacular response after the introduction of bupropion. The genotyping droved our therapeutic approach, by preferring a dopaminergic over a serotoninergic agent. This study highlights the usefulness of studying very rare clinical cases as well as rare variants, in order to deal with the biological heterogeneity of spectral disorders. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics", "year": "2010", "authors": "Perroud N, Salzmann A, Saiz PA, Baca-Garcia E, Sarchiapone M, Garcia-Portilla MP, Carli V, Vaquero-Lorenzo C, Jaussent I, Mouthon D, Vessaz M, Huguelet P, Courtet P, Malafosse A, European Research Consortium for Suicide (EURECA)", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmg.b.31118", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.269Z" }, { "id": "7b778a68-4503-47b6-b0da-7747d8bb6446", "pmid": "21199959", "title": "The serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR), stress, and depression meta-analysis revisited: evidence of genetic moderation.", "imported": false, "abstract": "CONTEXT: Two recent meta-analyses assessed the set of studies exploring the interaction between a serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and stress in the development of depression and concluded that the evidence did not support the presence of the interaction. However, even the larger of the meta-analyses included only 14 of the 56 studies that have assessed the relationship between 5-HTTLPR, stress, and depression.\n\nOBJECTIVE: To perform a meta-analysis including all relevant studies exploring the interaction.\n\nDATA SOURCES: We identified studies published through November 2009 in PubMed.\n\nSTUDY SELECTION: We excluded 2 studies presenting data that were included in other larger studies.\n\nDATA EXTRACTION: To perform a more inclusive meta-analysis, we used the Liptak-Stouffer z score method to combine findings of primary studies at the level of significance tests rather than the level of raw data.\n\nDATA SYNTHESIS: We included 54 studies and found strong evidence that 5-HTTLPR moderates the relationship between stress and depression, with the 5-HTTLPR s allele associated with an increased risk of developing depression under stress (P = .00002). When stratifying our analysis by the type of stressor studied, we found strong evidence for an association between the s allele and increased stress sensitivity in the childhood maltreatment (P = .00007) and the specific medical condition (P = .0004) groups of studies but only marginal evidence for an association in the stressful life events group (P = .03). When restricting our analysis to the studies included in the previous meta-analyses, we found no evidence of association (Munafò et al studies, P = .16; Risch et al studies, P = .11). This suggests that the difference in results between meta-analyses was due to the different set of included studies rather than the meta-analytic technique.\n\nCONCLUSION: Contrary to the results of the smaller earlier meta-analyses, we find strong evidence that the studies published to date support the hypothesis that 5-HTTLPR moderates the relationship between stress and depression.", "journal": "Archives of general psychiatry", "year": "2011", "authors": "Karg K, Burmeister M, Shedden K, Sen S", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.189", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.023Z" }, { "id": "7543ed47-bb5a-4164-9d9f-204812539647", "pmid": "21282783", "title": "Life stress, 5-HTTLPR and mental disorder: findings from a 30-year longitudinal study.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Recent meta-analyses have raised concerns about the replicability of gene × environment interactions involving the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) in moderating the associations between adverse life events and mental disorders.\n\nAIMS: To use data gathered over the course of a 30-year longitudinal study of a New Zealand birth cohort to test the hypothesis that the presence of short ('s') alleles of 5-HTTLPR are associated with an increased response to life stress.\n\nMETHOD: Participants were 893 individuals from the Christchurch Health and Development Study who had complete data on: the 5-HTTLPR genotype; psychiatric disorders up to the age of 30; and exposure to childhood and adult adverse life events.\n\nRESULTS: A series of 104 regression models were fitted to four mental health outcomes (depressive symptoms, major depression, anxiety disorder and suicidal ideation) observed at ages 18, 21, 25 and 30 using 13 measures of life-course stress that spanned childhood and adult stressors. Both multiplicative and additive models were fitted to the data. No evidence was found that would support the hypothesis that 's' alleles of 5-HTTLPR are associated with increased responsivity to life stressors.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The present findings add to the evidence suggesting that it is unlikely that there is a stable gene × environment interaction involving 5-HTTLPR, life stress and mental disorders.", "journal": "The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science", "year": "2011", "authors": "Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Miller AL, Kennedy MA", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1192/bjp.bp.110.085993", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.269Z" }, { "id": "a3b26303-80e2-4565-a3ae-d1333b179a83", "pmid": "21399568", "title": "5-HTTLPR as a potential moderator of the effects of adverse childhood experiences on risk of antisocial personality disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) frequently co-occurs with substance dependence (SD). A functional polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the serotonin transporter gene has been widely studied as a risk factor for a variety of psychopathologic conditions including aggressive/violent behavior. Childhood abuse is an important predictor of ASPD. We examined 5-HTTLPR genotype and adverse childhood events (ACEs) as risk factors for ASPD in a SD sample.\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS: Study participants [602 European-Americans (EAs) and 779 African-Americans (AAs)] were interviewed to obtain lifetime diagnoses of ASPD and SD and information on ACEs. Triallelic genotypes for 5-HTTLPR were obtained using standard methods. We used logistic generalized estimating equations regression to examine ACEs and 5-HTTLPR genotype and their interaction as predictors of ASPD, separately by population group.\n\nRESULTS: There were 203 (14.7%) participants diagnosed with ASPD. The frequency of the low-activity 5-HTTLPR S' allele did not differ by ASPD diagnosis, and there was no overall 5-HTTLPR×ACE interaction. However, among European-Americans, male sex (odds ratio=3.36; P<0.001) and ACE history (odds ratio=1.47; P=0.002) were significant predictors of ASPD. Among AAs, there was a significant interaction of sex×5-HTTLPR genotype×ACEs (χ=13.92, P<0.001). Among AA men, each additional ACE significantly increased the odds of ASPD irrespective of genotype, whereas among AA women, the effect of ACEs on ASPD was significant only among S' homozygotes. However, these results are limited by the small sample size in each subgroup, (particularly AA women with S'S' genotype; N=7) and require replication.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Childhood maltreatment contributes to the risk of ASPD, an effect for which there is preliminary evidence of moderation by 5-HTTLPR genotype in AA women.", "journal": "Psychiatric genetics", "year": "2011", "authors": "Douglas K, Chan G, Gelernter J, Arias AJ, Anton RF, Poling J, Farrer L, Kranzler HR", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1097/YPG.0b013e3283457c15", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.023Z" }, { "id": "cf0aa005-eea4-48f9-8ebe-6a2ca7a65ceb", "pmid": "21439648", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene moderates childhood maltreatment's effects on persistent but not single-episode depression: replications and implications for resolving inconsistent results.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Genetic and environmental factors shape life-long vulnerability to depression, but most gene-environment interaction (G×E) research has focused on cross-sectional assessments rather than life-course phenotypes. This study tests the hypothesis that the G×E involving the length polymorphism in the serotonin-transporter-gene-linked-promoter-region (5-HTTLPR) and childhood maltreatment is specific to depression that runs a persistent course in adulthood.\n\nMETHODS: The hypothesis is tested in two cohorts. Men and women in the Dunedin Study (N=847), New Zealand, followed to age 32 years with 96% retention and women in the E-Risk Study (N=930), England, followed to age 40 years with 96% retention. Diagnoses of past-year major depressive episode were established at four separate assessments. Depression diagnosed on two or more occasions was considered persistent.\n\nRESULTS: In both cohorts, statistical tests of gene-environment interactions showed positive results for persistent depression but not single-episode depression. Individuals with two short 5-HTTLPR alleles and childhood maltreatment had elevated risk of persistent but not single-episode depression.\n\nLIMITATIONS: Some cases of recurrent depression may have been misclassified as single-episode due to non-contiguous assessment windows, but this would have a conservative effect on the findings. Chronic and recurrent depression could not be reliably distinguished due to non-contiguous periods of assessment. Therefore, the term persistent depression is used to describe either chronic or recurrent course.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The specific effect on persistent depression increases the significance of this G×E for public health. Research that does not distinguish persistent course may underestimate G×E effects and account for some replication failures in G×E research.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2011", "authors": "Uher R, Caspi A, Houts R, Sugden K, Williams B, Poulton R, Moffitt TE", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.189", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.022Z" }, { "id": "2faacd2d-4730-4876-99f7-ce0234d01c32", "pmid": "21492940", "title": "Interaction of 5-HTTLPR genotype and unipolar major depression in the emergence of aggressive/hostile traits.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism has been associated both with depression and aggression/hostility. The multidirectional association between depression, aggression and the s allele may be important, since all these phenomena are related to suicidal behavior. Our aim was to investigate the association between 5-HTTLPR and aggressive/hostile traits in depressed patients and controls.\n\nMETHODS: 137 depressive and 118 control women completed the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR. BDHI scores in the different groups were investigated by Generalized Linear Model Analysis. Association between dependent and independent variables in the model was tested by the likelihood ratio Chi-square statistic.\n\nRESULTS: Diagnosis and genotype showed a significant association with several aggressive/hostile traits. Interaction of the two main effects was also significant in case of several subscales. Post hoc analyses indicated a significant association between BDHI subscales and s allele only in the depressed group.\n\nLIMITATION: Only women were studied and since gender differences are present both in aggressive behavior and putatively in the behavioral effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype, our findings pertain only to females.\n\nCONCLUSION: Our results indicate a robust relationship between aggression/hostility and 5-HTTLPR genotype, but this association is more marked in the presence of depression. The presence of the s allele thus not only contributes to a higher risk of depression, but in depressives also leads to higher aggression/hostility. Our results have important implications for suicide research, since the s allele is associated with violent suicide, and this association may be mediated through the emergence of increased aggression/hostility in depressed patients carrying the s allele.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2011", "authors": "Gonda X, Fountoulakis KN, Csukly G, Bagdy G, Pap D, Molnár E, Laszik A, Lazary J, Sarosi A, Faludi G, Sasvari-Szekely M, Szekely A, Rihmer Z", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.029", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.268Z" }, { "id": "3346fe4f-7f92-477c-a132-0a1d114b6c40", "pmid": "21550122", "title": "The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, impulsivity and suicide behavior in euthymic bipolar patients.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Suicide behavior is very frequent in Bipolar Disorder (BD) and they are both closely associated with impulsivity. Furthermore they are, impulsivity, BD and suicide behavior, associated with serotonergic function, at least partially, under genetic determinism and somewhat associated with the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism, the 5-HTTLPR. We aimed to assess different impulsivity components in BD sub-grouped by suicidal attempt and healthy controls. We hypothesized that the non-planning/cognitive impulsivity, could be more closely associated with suicidal behavior. We further associated 5-HTTLPR genotypes with neuropsychological results to test the hypothesis that this polymorphism is associated with cognitive impulsivity.\n\nMETHOD: We assessed 95 euthymic bipolar patients sub-grouped by suicidal attempt history in comparison with 94 healthy controls. All subjects underwent a laboratory assessment of impulsivity (Continuous Performance Test and Iowa Gambling Test). Furthermore the genotyping of 5-HTTLPR was performed in all subjects.\n\nRESULTS: We found that bipolar patients are more impulsive than healthy controls in all impulsivity dimensions we studied. Furthermore bipolar patients with a suicide attempt history have a greater cognitive impulsivity when compared to both bipolar patients without such a history as well when compared to healthy controls. No association was found between 5-HTTLPR genotypes and neuropsychological measures of impulsive behavior.\n\nLIMITATIONS: The sample studied can be considered small and a potentially confounding variable - medication status - was not controlled.\n\nCONCLUSION: A lifetime suicide attempt seems associated with cognitive impulsivity independently of the socio-demographic and clinical variables studied as well with 5-HTTLPR genotype. Further studies in larger samples are necessary.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2011", "authors": "Malloy-Diniz LF, Neves FS, de Moraes PH, De Marco LA, Romano-Silva MA, Krebs MO, Corrêa H", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.051", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.268Z" }, { "id": "b2d672aa-6f91-47c8-b530-cea261d8ec77", "pmid": "21575667", "title": "Role of serotonergic-related systems in suicidal behavior: Data from a case-control association study.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether functional polymorphisms directly (HTR2A and SLC6A4 genes) or indirectly (IL-1 gene complex, APOE and ACE genes) related with serotonergic neurotransmission were associated with suicidal behavior.\n\nSUBJECTS AND METHODS: 227 suicide attempters, 686 non-suicidal psychiatric patients, and 420 healthy controls from a homogeneous Spanish Caucasian population were genotyped using standard methods.\n\nRESULTS: There were no differences in genotype frequencies between the three groups. The -1438A/G [χ(2) (df)=9.80 (2), uncorrected p=0.007] and IL-1α -889C/T [χ(2) (df)=8.76 (2), uncorrected p=0.013] genotype frequencies between impulsive and planned suicide attempts trended toward being different (not significant after Bonferroni correction). Suicide attempts were more often impulsive in the presence of -1438G/G or IL-1α -889C/T or C/C genotypes. There was interaction between the polymorphism 5-HTTLPR and age [LRT (df)=6.84 (2), p=0.033] and between the polymorphisms APOE and IL-1RA (86bp)(n) [LRT (df)=12.21 (4), p=0.016] in relation to suicide attempt lethality.\n\nCONCLUSION: These findings further evidence the complexity of the association between genetics and suicidal behavior, the need to study homogenous forms of the behavior and the relevance of impulsive and aggressive traits as endophenotypes for suicidal behavior.", "journal": "Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry", "year": "2011", "authors": "Saiz PA, García-Portilla P, Paredes B, Corcoran P, Arango C, Morales B, Sotomayor E, Alvarez V, Coto E, Flórez G, Bascaran MT, Bousoño M, Bobes J", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.04.011", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.268Z" }, { "id": "d4e6ce56-eead-4c1b-820a-5f87938de77a", "pmid": "21681867", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene and childhood trauma--a G × E effect on anxiety sensitivity.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Genetic factors and environmental factors are assumed to interactively influence the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Thus, a gene-environment interaction (G × E) study was conducted with respect to anxiety sensitivity (AS) as a promising intermediate phenotype of anxiety disorders.\n\nMETHOD: Healthy subjects (N = 363) were assessed for AS, childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), and genotyped for functional serotonin transporter gene variants (5-HTTLPR/5-HTT rs25531). The influence of genetic and environmental variables on AS and its subdimensions was determined by a step-wise hierarchical regression and a multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) model.\n\nRESULTS: A significant G × E effect of the more active 5-HTT genotypes and childhood maltreatment on AS was observed. Furthermore, genotype (LL)-childhood trauma interaction particularly influenced somatic AS subdimensions, whereas cognitive subdimensions were affected by childhood maltreatment only.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Results indicate a G × E effect of the more active 5-HTT genotypes and childhood maltreatment on AS, with particular impact on its somatic subcomponent.", "journal": "Depression and anxiety", "year": "2011", "authors": "Klauke B, Deckert J, Reif A, Pauli P, Zwanzger P, Baumann C, Arolt V, Glöckner-Rist A, Domschke K", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1002/da.20840", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.022Z" }, { "id": "fbe888cc-2a9b-44e8-a61e-160b39803e61", "pmid": "21964390", "title": "Association between suicide attempt and a tri-allelic functional polymorphism in serotonin transporter gene promoter in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Mounting evidence supports the association between a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and suicidal behaviour. Recently, a novel variant of the 5-HTTLPR L allele was identified. The previously unknown L(G) allele produced similar levels of gene expression to the S allele and might have been misclassified as a \"high-expression\" allele in previous association studies. In this study, we aimed to compare the genotype distribution of the tri-allelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in 168 Chinese patients with schizophrenia, including 60 suicide attempters and 108 non-suicide attempters. In our analysis, which used the L(A) dominant model, it was found that the L(A) allele carriers were significantly more likely to have attempted suicide (p=0.035). Further analysis showed this association existed only in male patients (p=0.012). A similar association between the L(A) allele and violent suicide attempt was also found (p=0.028). In addition, logistic regression confirmed our findings that male L(A) allele carriers were at a higher risk of suicide, although the lack of a significant association in females may reflect insufficient power due to small sample size. However, no association was found when we examined the traditional bi-allelic 5-HTTLPR. These findings differ from those reported in Caucasian subjects, where no associations have been reported. Different genetic backgrounds may give rise to different allelic distribution, causing differential effects on the expression of endophenotypes of suicide behaviours. Although the potential influence of multiple comparisons might weaken our findings, our study provides preliminary evidence for a potentially gender-specific role of a \"high-expression\" 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in susceptibility to suicide in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.", "journal": "Neuroscience letters", "year": "2011", "authors": "Hung CF, Lung FW, Chen CH, O'Nions E, Hung TH, Chong MY, Wu CK, Wen JK, Lin PY", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.036", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.268Z" }, { "id": "aa10eb5e-fc21-4c0f-b20d-eac1ba2672eb", "pmid": "22021682", "title": "Serotonin transporter polymorphism in major depressive disorder (MDD), psychiatric disorders, and in MDD in response to stressful life events: causes and treatment with antidepressant.", "imported": false, "abstract": "A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the 5-hidroxytryptamine transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), alters its transcription. Short allele (SS) variation decreases the transcriptional efficacy of serotonin, causing psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) and major depression in response to stressful life events. The aim of this study was to determine the current understanding of the role of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the development of depressive episodes and its response to treatment. Twenty-five articles were identified from PubMed, utilizing the following keyword, 5-HTT transporter gene, polymorphism, depression, stressful condition, psychiatric disorder. All articles were read and notes were made regarding study participant, measures, data analysis and results, and were used to write this review. The distribution of the SS allele in patients is associated with an increased risk of MDD following exposure to stressful events of life. Additionally, this genetic variant is closely associated with several psychiatric conditions such as suicidal behaviour, psychoses, personality disorders, and aggressive-impulsive traits.", "journal": "In vivo (Athens, Greece)", "year": "2011", "authors": "Daniele A, Divella R, Paradiso A, Mattioli V, Romito F, Giotta F, Casamassima P, Quaranta M", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Review" ], "doi": "", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.268Z" }, { "id": "320ce4a6-ab6f-4ef0-afd8-f41f6a0350f7", "pmid": "22044630", "title": "Negative affectivity moderated by BDNF and stress response.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Gene×environment (G×E) interactions are known to predict susceptibility to disorders such as depression and anxiety. Adverse experiences in childhood and number of stressful life events (SLEs) have been widely studied as environmental risk factors; however, SLE response has not yet been studied. Here we present a first attempt at the analysis of the interaction between the response to personal and academic stressful events during different life stages and the gene polymorphisms 5-HTTLPR, 5-HTTVNTR (STin2), HTR1A C(-1019)G, and BDNF Val66Met in the prediction of negative affectivity (NA).\n\nMETHODS: Standardized questionnaires (ST-DEP and STAI) were used to measure negative affectivity derived from depression and anxiety in a sample of 303 undergraduate students. Response to stressful events during childhood, high school and college years was evaluated together with a self-report personal history form. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to perform association and G×E analysis.\n\nRESULTS: Negative affectivity is strongly associated with childhood maltreatment and stress response. Gene associations were observed between 5-HTTVNTR allele 12 and the S_12 haplotype with NA derived from high scores in both depression and anxiety. The BDNF gene variant was not associated with NA derived from depression or anxiety alone, but it was associated with the comorbid presentation. A significant G×E interaction was observed between the BDNF Val66Met and stress response during childhood and college years although the risk for negative affectivity conferred by stress response during childhood was only significant among the Met allele carriers, while stress response during college years was a significant risk factor regardless of the BDNF Val66Met genotype. A significant G×E interaction was also found between the HTR1A C(-1019)G variant and childhood maltreatment.\n\nLIMITATIONS: The study has two main limitations, sample size is low and retrospective recognition of SLEs is a concern.\n\nCONCLUSION: Altogether, our results demonstrate that the BDNF Val66Met variant moderates the effect of stress during both childhood and college years; although this effect seems to be more critical during childhood given that the risk conferred by childhood stress was restricted to the Met allele carriers. We also found that the HTR1A C(-1019)G variant moderates the effect of childhood maltreatment in our study population.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2012", "authors": "Perea CS, Paternina AC, Gomez Y, Lattig MC", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.043", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.022Z" }, { "id": "f7489ae5-fde9-4d07-966a-9906637a2772", "pmid": "22520017", "title": "Suicide ideators and attempters with schizophrenia--the role of 5-HTTLPR, rs25531, and 5-HTT VNTR Intron 2 variants.", "imported": false, "abstract": "AIM: To examine the role of 5-HTTLPR, rs25531 and 5-HTT VNTR Intron 2 variants in subjects with psychotic disorders manifesting suicide ideation and behaviour.\n\nMETHODS: The study included 519 subsequently hospitalized subjects who were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR, rs25531 and 5-HTT VNTR In2 variants. Clinical assessments included structured psychiatric interview, sociodemographic characteristics, suicide ideation and behaviour (SIBQ), severity of psychopathology (PANSS) and depression (CDSS).\n\nRESULTS: Three subgroups were identified: suicide attempters (N = 161), suicide ideators (N = 174) and subjects who never reported suicide ideation or behaviour (comparative group, N = 184).\n\nMAJOR FINDINGS: 1) Suicide attempters scored highest on the CDSS, while no differences between the three clinical subgroups were detected in the PANSS scores; 2) Suicide attempters were more frequently the carriers of L(A) allele, while subjects in the comparative group were more frequently the carriers of low expression 5-HTTLPR/5-HTT rs25531 haplotype SL(G); 3) No difference was found between the three clinical groups in the 5-HTT VNTR In2 variants; 4) Subjects with 5-HTTLPR/5-HTT rs25531 intermediate expression haplotype (L(A)L(G,)SL(A)) scored higher on the PANSS general psychopathology subscale; 5) There was no association between suicide attempt or ideation and 5-HTTLPR/In2 or 5-HTTLPR/rs25531/In2 haplotype distribution.\n\nCONCLUSION: The suicide ideators, attempters and controls did not differ significantly in 5-HTTLPR or 5-HTT VNTR In 2 variants, but 5-HTTLPR/5-HTT rs25531 haplotype might be a useful genetic marker in distinguishing these three clinical groups.", "journal": "Journal of psychiatric research", "year": "2012", "authors": "Božina N, Jovanović N, Podlesek A, Rojnić Kuzman M, Kudumija Slijepčević M, Roguljić A, Dimitrović A, Božina T, Lovrić J, Ljubić H, Medved V", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.03.008", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.267Z" }, { "id": "bb4db3f9-3927-44e7-8fa9-434e2b7241ab", "pmid": "22735397", "title": "Serotonin system gene polymorphisms are associated with impulsivity in a context dependent manner.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Impulsivity is a risk factor for adverse outcomes and characterizes several psychiatric disorders and risk for suicide. There is strong evidence that genetic variation influences individual differences in impulsivity, but the details are not yet understood. There is growing interest in better understanding the context dependency of genetic effects that is reflected in studies examining gender specificity, gene×environment interaction and epistasis (gene-gene interaction). In a cross-sectional study we examined whether polymorphisms in six serotonin system candidate genes and the experience of early life trauma (age 0-12) were associated with individual differences in impulsivity in a non-clinical sample of Caucasian university students (N=424). We specifically tested potential gender specific, gene-gene, and gene×environment (early life trauma) effects. In our main analyses with Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) total score, there were significant (i.e. p<.01 and False Discovery Rate <.10) interactions between (1) gender and TPH2 (rs1386483) genotype; (2) gender and HTR2A (rs6313) genotype; and epistatic interactions among (3) 5-HTTLPR and MAOA uVNTR; (4) 5-HTTLPR and rs6313 and (5) HTR1B (rs6296) and rs6313 genotypes. Our results strongly support the explicit investigation of context dependent genetic effects on impulsivity and may help to resolve some of the conflicting reports in the literature.", "journal": "Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry", "year": "2012", "authors": "Stoltenberg SF, Christ CC, Highland KB", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.06.012", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.267Z" }, { "id": "7ce8ecf5-b12b-427b-be53-2c518c4cf07e", "pmid": "22781862", "title": "The effects of child maltreatment on early signs of antisocial behavior: genetic moderation by tryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin transporter, and monoamine oxidase A genes.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Gene-environment interaction effects in predicting antisocial behavior in late childhood were investigated among maltreated and nonmaltreated low-income children (N = 627, M age = 11.27). Variants in three genes were examined: tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) upstream variable number tandem repeat. In addition to child maltreatment status, we considered the impact of maltreatment subtypes, developmental timing of maltreatment, and chronicity. Indicators of antisocial behavior were obtained from self-, peer, and adult counselor reports. In a series of analyses of covariance, child maltreatment and its parameters demonstrated strong main effects on early antisocial behavior as assessed by all report forms. Genetic effects operated primarily in the context of gene-environment interactions, moderating the impact of child maltreatment on outcomes. Across the three genes, among nonmaltreated children no differences in antisocial behavior were found based on genetic variation. In contrast, among maltreated children specific polymorphisms of TPH1, 5-HTTLPR, and MAOA were each related to heightened self-report of antisocial behavior; the interaction of 5-HTTLPR and developmental timing of maltreatment also indicated more severe antisocial outcomes for children with early onset and recurrent maltreatment based on genotype. TPH1 and 5-HTTLPR interacted with maltreatment subtype to predict peer reports of antisocial behavior; genetic variation contributed to larger differences in antisocial behavior among abused children. The TPH1 and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms also moderated the effects of maltreatment subtype on adult reports of antisocial behavior; again, the genetic effects were strongest for children who were abused. In addition, TPH1 moderated the effect of developmental timing of maltreatment and chronicity on adult reports of antisocial behavior. The findings elucidate how genetic variation contributes to identifying which maltreated children are most vulnerable to antisocial development.", "journal": "Development and psychopathology", "year": "2012", "authors": "Cicchetti D, Rogosch FA, Thibodeau EL", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.3389/fnhum.2012.00052", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.021Z" }, { "id": "979cfa23-3697-4fa9-9320-7d6dc2bc6b91", "pmid": "22840619", "title": "Star-crossed? The association of the 5-HTTLPR s allele with season of birth in a healthy female population, and possible consequences for temperament, depression and suicide.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Birth season has well-known effects on neuropsychiatric disorders, and may also influence genotype distribution by possibly influencing chance of conception via parental idiosyncratic conception patterns or survival of foetuses or infants. The 5-HTTLPR is associated with phenomena including affective temperaments or suicide which are also associated with birth season. Our aim was to investigate the association of 5-HTTLPR genotype and birth season in a healthy female population.\n\nMETHODS: Birth date and 5-HTTLPR genotype was determined for 327 psychiatrically healthy women. The association between presence of s allele and time of birth was analysed using generalized linear models.\n\nRESULTS: A significant association between s allele frequency and time of birth was detected. S allele carrier frequency was marginally significantly higher in July borns and significantly lower in autumn borns.\n\nLIMITATIONS: We investigated an adult sample so genotype frequency data do not reflect birth frequencies. Our sample consisted exclusively of females.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: There is no clear explanation for the observed association, although idiosyncratic parental conception patterns, the association of 5-HTTLPR with sudden infant/intrauterine death, or other s allele-mediated behaviours may play a role. Our results are strikingly parallel with earlier data reporting a higher risk of completed suicide in July borns, and higher scores of July borns and lower scores of autumn borns on certain affective temperament scales, both of which are also associated with the s allele of 5-HTTLPR. Thus our results may add to the growing body of evidence regarding the etiological background of affective disorders.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2012", "authors": "Gonda X, Fountoulakis KN, Csukly G, Dome P, Sarchiapone M, Laszik A, Bedi K, Juhasz G, Siamouli M, Rudisch T, Molnar E, Pap D, Bagdy G, Rihmer Z", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.031", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.267Z" }, { "id": "675cfb89-5cc0-44a5-b047-4c818eaff52c", "pmid": "22840631", "title": "Interaction between specific forms of childhood maltreatment and the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) in recurrent depressive disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: There is inconsistent evidence of interaction between stressful events and a serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in depression. Recent studies have indicated that the moderating effect of 5-HTTLPR may be strongest when adverse experiences have occurred in childhood and the depressive symptoms persist over time. However, it is unknown whether this gene-environment interaction is present for recurrent depressive disorder and different forms of maltreatment. Therefore, patients with recurrent clinically diagnosed depression and controls screened for the absence of depression were utilised to examine the moderating effect of 5-HTTLPR on associations between specific forms of childhood adversity and recurrent depression.\n\nMETHOD: A sample of 227 recurrent unipolar depression cases and 228 never psychiatrically ill controls completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to assess exposure to sexual, physical and emotional abuse, physical and emotional neglect in childhood. DNA extracted from blood or cheek swabs was genotyped for the short (s) and long (l) alleles of 5-HTTLPR.\n\nRESULTS: All forms of childhood maltreatment were reported as more severe by cases than controls. There was no direct association between 5-HTTLPR and depression. Significant interactions with additive and recessive 5-HTTLPR genetic models were found for overall severity of maltreatment, sexual abuse and to a lesser degree for physical neglect, but not other maltreatment types.\n\nLIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design limits causal inference. Retrospective report of childhood adversity may have reduced the accuracy of the findings.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: This study provides support for the role of interplay between 5-HTTLPR and a specific early environmental risk in recurrent depressive disorder.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2013", "authors": "Fisher HL, Cohen-Woods S, Hosang GM, Korszun A, Owen M, Craddock N, Craig IW, Farmer AE, McGuffin P, Uher R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.032", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.021Z" }, { "id": "205ce3b5-3f67-4173-b19a-65a5b791d8cf", "pmid": "22847957", "title": "Serotonin transporter length polymorphism, childhood maltreatment, and chronic depression: a specific gene-environment interaction.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Key questions about the interaction between the serotonin transporter length polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and stress in the etiology of depression remain unresolved. We test the hypotheses that the interaction is restricted to childhood maltreatment (as opposed to stressful events in adulthood), and leads to chronic depressive episodes (as opposed to any onset of depression), using gold-standard assessments of childhood maltreatment, severe life events, chronic depression, and new depressive onsets.\n\nMETHOD: In a risk-enriched sample of 273 unrelated women, childhood maltreatment was retrospectively assessed with the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview and 5-HTTLPR was genotyped. A subset of 220 women was followed prospectively for 12 months with life events assessed with the Life Events and Difficulties (LEDS) interview. Any chronic episode of depression (12 months or longer) during adulthood and onset of a major depressive episode during a 12-month follow-up were established with the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) interview.\n\nRESULTS: The short alleles of 5-HTTLPR moderated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and chronic depression in adulthood, reflected in a significant gene-environment interaction (RD = 0.226, 95% CI: 0.076-0.376, P = .0032). 5-HTTLPR did not moderate the effects of either childhood maltreatment or severe life events on new depressive onsets.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The short variant of the serotonin transporter gene specifically sensitizes to the effect of early-life experience of abuse or neglect on whether an adult depressive episode takes a chronic course. This interaction may be responsible for a substantial proportion of cases of chronic depression in the general population.", "journal": "Depression and anxiety", "year": "2013", "authors": "Brown GW, Ban M, Craig TK, Harris TO, Herbert J, Uher R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Multicenter Study", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1002/da.21982", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.021Z" }, { "id": "932376b2-9d0d-448d-a3be-48102db2bac0", "pmid": "22868884", "title": "[The neuroscience of suicide].", "imported": false, "abstract": "Various postmortem brain studies have provided evidence that reduced serotonin (5-HT) transmission in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) is associated with depression-related suicide. Suicide victims have fewer 5-HT transporter sites and a large number of postsynaptic 5-HT1A and 5-HT receptors in the vlPFC, which are implicated in behavioral inhibition and impulsivity. These could be compensatory changes in response to 5-HT hypofunction in depression and suicide. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used for the treatment of depression and suicidal ideation. 5-HT innervation of the PFC arises predominantly from 5-HT neurons in the brainstem dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). In the DRN of suicide cases, 5-HT1A autoreceptors are increased and the levels of 5-HT biosynthetic enzyme, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), are reduced. Reduced 5-HT1A feedback inhibition and increased TPH may reflect compensatory changes in response to 5-HT hypofunction in depression-related suicide. Genetic polymorphisms in TPH, 5-HT transporter (5-HTTLPR allele), and 5-HT2A receptor were examined for their association with depression-related suicide, but no consistent associations were found. Stress is a risk factor for depression and is linked to hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and suicide. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-immunoreactive varicose fibers were detected in the DRN of suicide victims, suggesting that CRF neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and 5-HT neurons in the DRN may form a circuit in stress-induced depression. Alcoholics are at a significantly greater risk of suicide than the general population. Alcoholism is associated with alterations in the 5-HT system.", "journal": "Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo", "year": "2012", "authors": "Arita H", "articleTypes": [ "English Abstract", "Journal Article", "Review" ], "doi": "", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.267Z" }, { "id": "98d68a5e-8800-449d-8927-cfdcc1bbd222", "pmid": "22884012", "title": "Influence of serotonin transporter promoter variation on the effects of separation from parent/partner on depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Loss of parent during childhood or loss of partner has been associated with adulthood depression. The serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) has been reported to moderate stress sensitivity reflected for example in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression. Therefore, the effect of 5-HTT promoter variation on the relationship between the loss of parent or partner and depression was examined.\n\nMETHOD: 411 depressive cases and 1347 control subjects from a large well-characterized longitudinal population-based sample of adult Swedes with data on life history and life situation, including psychiatric diagnostic instruments, were studied. Their DNA was genotyped for the mini-haplotype 5-HTTLPR-rs25531.\n\nRESULTS: Individuals with low 5-HTT activity variants had an increased risk of depression given loss of partner last year compared to those with high activity variants. Conversely, 5-HTT activity variation appeared not to strongly influence the risk of depression given loss of parent during childhood.\n\nLIMITATION: Small sample size for those with losses of both parent and partner. Limited power to detect small interaction effects.\n\nCONCLUSION: The increased risk of depression given last year loss of partner appeared to be influenced by genetic variation regulating 5-HTT activity. This adds to previous findings of 5-HTT x stressful life events interactions on depression and is in agreement with stronger GxE effects when using objective environmental measures.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2013", "authors": "Fandiño-Losada A, Wei Y, Aberg E, Sjöholm LK, Lavebratt C, Forsell Y", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.034", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.021Z" }, { "id": "fc2f27bc-41eb-462a-bb83-b7e568c2a077", "pmid": "22951355", "title": "Contributions of maltreatment and serotonin transporter genotype to depression in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Past findings on gene-by-environment (G×E) effects on depression have been mixed, leading to a debate of the plausibility of such mechanisms and methodological considerations that warrant attention. A developmental systems perspective postulates that complex, multi-level G×E effects are likely contributors to depression.\n\nMETHODS: Participants from families experiencing low-income status at birth were followed over 28 years. Maltreatment was recorded prospectively using multiple means and sources. Depression was measured repeatedly using well-validated interviews in middle childhood, through adolescence, and into adulthood.\n\nRESULTS: Findings support a G×E effect where the less efficient form of the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) contributes to a vulnerability to depressogenic aspects of maltreatment in childhood and adolescence. The presence of less efficient forms of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and maltreatment together raised risk for depression. This G×E effect was present generally and also among those who reported clinical levels of depression at only one point in time.\n\nLIMITATIONS: This study used a low-income sample which limits generalizability to other populations. Sample size and rates of different forms of depression and depression at individual developmental stages supported general analyses, but limited the sorts of specific sub-analyses that were possible.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: These findings support the plausibility of G×E effects on depression during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, key periods for the development of depression. Ongoing debates about the presence of G×E effects would be well served by additional work that was theoretically informed and employed prospective, longitudinal methodologies with well-validated measures of key constructs.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2013", "authors": "Cutuli JJ, Raby KL, Cicchetti D, Englund MM, Egeland B", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1017/S0954579408000321", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.020Z" }, { "id": "a2fb3b99-825e-4338-aa0e-78ec5d49cd36", "pmid": "23021380", "title": "Strong effects of environmental factors on prevalence and course of major depressive disorder are not moderated by 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms in a large Dutch sample.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: There is ongoing interest in the possible interaction of the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) with environmental factors in determining Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The current study contributes to this research area by comprehensively examining the interaction-effects and direct-effects of 5-HTTLPR and five environmental factors on MDD prevalence and course in a well-characterized longitudinal sample.\n\nMETHODS: The sample consisted of 1625 patients with a CIDI-confirmed diagnosis of MDD and 1698 screened controls from the Netherlands. Four MDD outcomes were studied as dependent variables: one main MDD prevalence-outcome (all MDD), two more severe MDD prevalence-outcomes (suicidal and chronic MDD), and one MDD course outcome (chronic versus non-chronic MDD). Because SNP rs25531 modifies the effect of 5-HTTLPR, haplotypes of 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 were measured. For the four MDD outcome measures, we examined the direct effects of 5-HTTLPR/rs25531-haplotypes, five environmental factors (lifetime and recent stressful life-events, sexual abuse, low educational attainment, and childhood trauma) and their interaction in logistic regression models.\n\nRESULTS: The environmental factors had large and consistent effects on all four MDD outcomes, including course of MDD. The 5-HTTLPR/rs25531-haplotype had a suggestive effect on course of MDD, but not on presence of MDD. Gene-by-environment interaction was significant (<0.05) for one of the 20 tests performed, which is not more than expected by chance.\n\nLIMITATIONS: Environmental factors were not assessed before the onset of MDD.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Environmental factors had a strong impact on the presence and course of MDD, but no evidence for gene-by-environment interaction was found.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2013", "authors": "Peyrot WJ, Middeldorp CM, Jansen R, Smit JH, de Geus EJ, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Vink JM, Virding S, Barragan I, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Sim SC, Boomsma DI, Penninx BW", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.044", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.266Z" }, { "id": "e4f44d25-1e0a-4aa1-9011-7b4de18dce7f", "pmid": "23226060", "title": "Association of the 5-HTT gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism with psychiatric disorders: review of psychopathology and pharmacotherapy.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Serotonin (5-HT) regulates important biological and psychological processes including mood, and may be associated with the development of several psychiatric disorders. An association between psychopathology and genes that regulate 5-HT neurotransmission is a robust area of research. Identification of the genes responsible for the predisposition, development, and pharmacological response of various psychiatric disorders is crucial to the advancement of our understanding of their underlying neurobiology. This review highlights research investigating 5-HT transporter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism, because studies investigating the impact of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism have demonstrated significant associations with many psychiatric disorders. Decreased transcriptional activity of the S allele (\"risk allele\") may be associated with a heightened amygdala response leading to anxiety-related personality traits, major depressive disorder, suicide attempts, and bipolar disorder. By contrast, increased transcriptional activity of the L allele is considered protective for depression but is also associated with completed suicide, nicotine dependence, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For some disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder, the research suggests that treatment response may vary by allele (such as an enhanced response to serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors in patients with major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder with L alleles), and for alcohol dependence, the association and treatment for S or L alleles may vary with alcoholic subtype. While some studies suggest that 5-HTTLPR polymorphism can moderate the response to pharmacotherapy, the association between 5-HTTLPR alleles and therapeutic outcomes is inconsistent. The discovery of triallelic 5-HTTLPR alleles (L(A)/L(G)/S) may help to explain some of the conflicting results of many past association studies, while concurrently providing more meaningful data in the future. Studies assessing 5-HTTLPR as the solitary genetic factor contributing to the etiology of psychiatric disorders continue to face the challenges of statistically small effect sizes and limited replication.", "journal": "Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine", "year": "2012", "authors": "Kenna GA, Roder-Hanna N, Leggio L, Zywiak WH, Clifford J, Edwards S, Kenna JA, Shoaff J, Swift RM", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.2147/PGPM.S23462", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.267Z" }, { "id": "f0d296c6-96d4-42dd-a1a1-9688011f7f2d", "pmid": "23303061", "title": "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels and genotype: association with depression during interferon-α treatment.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Depression has been associated with inflammation, and inflammation may both influence and interact with growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Both the functional Val66Met BDNF polymorphism (rs6265) and BDNF levels have been associated with depression. It is thus plausible that decreased BDNF could mediate and/or moderate cytokine-induced depression. We therefore prospectively employed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in 124 initially euthymic patients during treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-α), assessing serum BDNF and rs6265. Using mixed-effect repeated measures, lower pretreatment BDNF was associated with higher depression symptoms during IFN-α treatment (F144,17.2=6.8; P<0.0001). However, although the Met allele was associated with lower BDNF levels (F1,83.0=5.0; P=0.03), it was only associated with increased MADRS scores (F4,8.9=20.3; P<0.001), and not the BDI-II or HADS. An exploratory comparison of individual BDI-II items indicated that the Met allele was associated with suicidal ideation, sadness, and worthlessness, but not neurovegetative symptoms. Conversely, the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) short allele was associated with neurovegetative symptoms such as insomnia, poor appetite and fatigue, but not sadness, worthlessness, or suicidal ideation. IFN-α therapy further lowered BDNF serum levels (F4,37.7=5.0; P=0.003), but this decrease occurred regardless of depression development. The findings thus do not support the hypothesis that decreasing BDNF is the primary pathway by which IFN-α worsens depression. Nonetheless, the results support the hypothesis that BDNF levels influence resiliency against developing inflammatory cytokine-associated depression, and specifically to a subset of symptoms distinct from those influenced by 5-HTTLPR.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology", "year": "2013", "authors": "Lotrich FE, Albusaysi S, Ferrell RE", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.bbi.2012.08.007", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.266Z" }, { "id": "2fee912e-898f-43df-baa2-c52aad9c855c", "pmid": "23313272", "title": "An association study of suicide and candidate genes in the serotonergic system.", "imported": false, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Strong evidence demonstrates a genetic susceptibility to suicidal behaviour and a relationship between suicide and mental disorders. The aim of this study was to test for association between suicide and five selected genetic variants, which had shown association with suicide in other populations.\n\nMETHOD: We performed a nationwide case-control study on all suicide cases sent for autopsy in Denmark between the years 2000 and 2007. The study comprised 572 cases and 1049 controls and is one of the largest genetic studies in completed suicide to date. The analysed markers were located within the Serotonin Transporter (SLC6A4), Monoamine Oxidase-A (MAOA) and the Tryptophan Hydroxylase I and II (TPH1 and TPH2) genes.\n\nRESULTS: None of the genetic markers within SLC6A4, MAOA, TPH1 and TPH2 were significantly associated with completed suicide or suicide method in the basic association tests. Exploratory interaction test showed that the minor allele of rs1800532 in TPH1 has a protective effect for males younger than 35 years and females older than 50 years, whereas for the oldest male subjects, it tended to be a risk factor. We also observed a significant interaction between age-group and the 5-HTTLPR genotype (with and without rs25531) in SLC6A4. The long allele or high expression allele tends to have a protective effect in the middle age-group.\n\nLIMITATION: We only analysed a limited number of genetic variants.\n\nCONCLUSION: None of the analysed variants are strong risk factors. To reveal a better understanding of the genes involved in suicide, we suggest future studies should include both genetic and non-genetic factors.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2013", "authors": "Buttenschøn HN, Flint TJ, Foldager L, Qin P, Christoffersen S, Hansen NF, Kristensen IB, Mortensen PB, Børglum AD, Mors O", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2012.12.011", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.265Z" }, { "id": "dbada0b4-ccbd-4523-8a68-2a9481ce2f91", "pmid": "23430141", "title": "Neurobiology of suicide: do biomarkers exist?", "imported": false, "abstract": "Clinical risk factors have a low predictive value on suicide. This may explain the increasing interest in potential neurobiological correlates and specific heritable markers of suicide vulnerability. This review aims to present the current neurobiological findings that have been shown to be implicated in suicide completers and to discuss how postmortem studies may be useful in characterizing these individuals. Data on the role of the main neurobiological systems in suicidality, such as the neurotransmitter families, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotrophic factors, and polyamines, are exposed at the different biochemical, genetic, and epigenetic levels. Some neuroanatomic and neuropathological aspects as well as their in vivo morphological and functional neuroimaging correlates are also described. Except for the serotoninergic system, particularly with respect to the polymorphism of the gene coding for the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, data did not converge to produce a univocal consensus. The possible limitations of currently published studies are discussed, as well as the scope for long-term prospective studies.", "journal": "International journal of legal medicine", "year": "2014", "authors": "Costanza A, D'Orta I, Perroud N, Burkhardt S, Malafosse A, Mangin P, La Harpe R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00414-013-0835-6", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.264Z" }, { "id": "2f22853b-5c12-447e-8c3a-8be1eb2cb860", "pmid": "23475832", "title": "Testing the diathesis-stress model: 5-HTTLPR, childhood emotional maltreatment, and vulnerability to social anxiety disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Regarding the development of social anxiety disorder (SAD), a diathesis-stress paradigm including biological vulnerabilities and environmental stressors can be assumed. However, studies dealing with the etiology of SAD did not integrate both aspects so far. We examined a particular diathesis-stress model for SAD in which we included a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) as a genetic vulnerability factor and childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) as an environmental stressor. Current analyses were based on individuals who participated in the Study of Health in Pomerania. Psychiatric disorders were assessed with diagnostic interviews according to DSM-IV criteria. The triallelic genotype of 5-HTTLPR was determined. Statistical analyses were performed in 78 individuals with SAD and 1,035 without an axis I disorder. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the experience of CEM (odds ratio [OR] 4.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.65-7.84), the l/l genotype of 5-HTTLPR (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.31-3.48), female gender (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.80-5.08) and younger age (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.06) increased the odds for SAD. The data suggest that CEM, the l/l genotype of 5-HTTLPR, female gender and younger age are risk factors for SAD. This is in favor of the tested diathesis-stress model.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics", "year": "2013", "authors": "Reinelt E, Stopsack M, Aldinger M, John U, Grabe HJ, Barnow S", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmg.b.32142", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.020Z" }, { "id": "90eef4e3-5fc1-433f-b0e4-01a436d52834", "pmid": "23481907", "title": "Three-way interaction effect of 5-HTTLPR, BDNF Val66Met, and childhood adversity on depression: a replication study.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Both the serotonin transporter linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphisms have been shown to interact with unfavourable environment in relation to depression symptoms and to depression diagnosis. Several attempts have been made to study a three-way interaction effect of these factors on depression, however with contradictory results. We aimed to test the hypothesis of a three-way interaction effect and to attempt at replication in an independent population-based sample. Family maltreatment, sexual abuse and depression were self-reported by an adolescent population-based cohort (N=1393) from the county of Västmanland, Sweden. DNA was isolated from saliva, and used for genotyping of the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms. Neither 5-HTTLPR or BDNF genotypes separately, nor in interaction with each other had any relation to depression, however in an environment adjusted model a two-way interaction and a three-way interaction effect was found. Both 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met interacted with unfavourable environment in relation to depressive symptoms (Adj R²=0.19). Depressive symptoms and depression were more common among carriers of either the ss/sl+Val/Val or the ll+Met genotypes in the presence of early-life adversities. This three-way effect was more pronounced among girls. The current study, with a virtually similar set-up compared to previous studies, can partially confirm previous findings and their generalizability. The study also shows the importance of genetic plasticity in individuals with different environmental exposure, for different phenotypic expression.", "journal": "European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology", "year": "2013", "authors": "Comasco E, Åslund C, Oreland L, Nilsson KW", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.01.010", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.020Z" }, { "id": "cf14613b-c516-4797-a93a-35c61212ad45", "pmid": "23558235", "title": "Independent effects of 5' and 3' functional variants in the serotonin transporter gene on suicidal behavior in the context of childhood trauma.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The serotonin transporter, encoded by the SLC6A4 gene, influences the synaptic actions of serotonin and is responsive to stress hormones. We hypothesized that 5-HTTLPR, a functional SLC6A4 promoter polymorphism, and two tightly-linked, putatively functional 3' UTR SNPs (rs3813034, rs1042173) might have independent effects on suicidal behavior in the context of childhood trauma (CT). DNA and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores were available for a total of 474 African Americans, including 112 suicide attempters and 362 non-suicide attempters. Genotyping was performed for the triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, 14 SLC6A4 haplotype-tagging SNPs, and 186 ancestry informative markers. There were independent G × E interactive effects of 5-HTTLPR (p = 0.017) and the rs3813034-rs1042173 diplotype (p = 0.011) on suicidal behavior. In individuals exposed to high CT the risk of suicide attempt was 0.52 in carriers of the low activity 5-HTTLPR variant and 0.32 in medium/high activity variant carriers. Likewise, CT exposed carriers of the major rs3813034-rs1042173 ATAT diplotype had an increased risk of suicidal behavior relative to the ATCG/CGCG diplotype carriers (0.40 vs 0.31). Neither the 5' nor the 3' functional variants had an effect in individuals without CT: suicide attempt risk = 0.12-0.22. In individuals exposed to high CT the prevalence of suicide attempt was 0.56 in carriers of both 5' and 3' risk variants, 0.39 in carriers of one risk variant and 0.25 in individuals without either risk variant. Our findings suggest that the 5' and 3'SLC6A4 functional variants have independent effects on the risk for suicidal behavior in CT exposed individuals.", "journal": "Journal of psychiatric research", "year": "2013", "authors": "Enoch MA, Hodgkinson CA, Gorodetsky E, Goldman D, Roy A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.007", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.265Z" }, { "id": "4ba9de94-92ae-4563-9ddb-42f3513e7db4", "pmid": "23618376", "title": "The interaction between child maltreatment, adult stressful life events and the 5-HTTLPR in major depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Both childhood maltreatment and adult stressful life events are established risk factors for the onset of depression in adulthood. However, the interaction between them can be viewed through two conflicting frameworks. Under a mismatch hypothesis stressful childhoods allow 'adaptive programming' for a stressful adulthood and so can be protective. Only when childhood and adulthood do not match is there a risk of behavioural problems. Alternatively, under the cumulative stress hypothesis we expect increased risk with each additional stressor. It has also been suggested that an individual's genetic background may determine the extent they undergo adaptive programming, and so which of these two hypotheses is relevant. In this study we test for an interaction between exposure to childhood maltreatment and adult stressful life events in a retrospective sample of 455 individuals, using major depression as the outcome. We also test whether this interaction differs by genotype at the 5-HTTLPR, a candidate for an individual's plasticity to adaptive programming. Early maltreatment and stressful life events in adulthood interacted to produce increased risk for depression over each individually (p = 0.055). This supports the cumulative stress hypothesis over the mismatch hypothesis, at least with respect to severe environmental risk factors. This effect was not altered by 5-HTTLPR allele, suggesting there was no difference by genotype in adaptive programming to these events. We suggest that the apparent additional vulnerability to stressful events of those who have experienced maltreatment has clinical relevance, highlighting the importance of providing support beyond the immediate aftermath of maltreatment into adulthood.", "journal": "Journal of psychiatric research", "year": "2013", "authors": "Power RA, Lecky-Thompson L, Fisher HL, Cohen-Woods S, Hosang GM, Uher R, Powell-Smith G, Keers R, Tropeano M, Korszun A, Jones L, Jones I, Owen MJ, Craddock N, Craig IW, Farmer AE, McGuffin P", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.017", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.020Z" }, { "id": "4e89ed92-7c36-4f68-b731-f5d419822142", "pmid": "23742855", "title": "Serotonergic genes and suicide: a systematic review.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Its aetiology is complex and diverse, however, epidemiological studies show that suicidal behavior is partly heritable. Neurobiological evidence implicates serotonergic dysfunction in suicidality, stimulating genetic research to focus on genes related to the serotonergic system. In this paper, we review evidence from studies examining the association between various serotonergic genes (Tryptophan Hydroxylase genes: TPH1; TPH2, Serotonin Transporter gene: 5-HTTLPR in SLC6A4, Serotonin Receptor genes: HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR1B, HTR2C and Monoamine Oxidase A gene: MAOA) and suicidal behavior. The data show associations between variation on the TPH1 gene and 5-HTTLPR gene and violent suicidal behavior in Caucasian populations, with the least inconsistencies. Results are mixed for the TPH2 gene and serotonin receptor genes, but for some genes, studies that include haplotypic analyses or that examine a larger coding region of the genes tend to provide more reliable results. Findings on endophenotypes of suicidality, such as aggression and impulsivity traits, show positive associations for the TPH1, HTR2A, and MAOA genes, but need further replication, since negative associations are also occasionally reported. Since genes can only partially explain suicidal risk, several studies during the past decade have tried to incorporate environmental factors in the susceptibility model. Studies to date show that variation on the 5-HTTLPR, MAOA and HTR2A gene can interact with stressful life events to increase risk for suicidal behavior. Limitations of case-control studies are discussed and future considerations are put forward with regard to endophenotypic measurements and gene-environment interactions.", "journal": "European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology", "year": "2013", "authors": "Antypa N, Serretti A, Rujescu D", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Systematic Review" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.03.013", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.265Z" }, { "id": "e1242d5f-3113-44fc-9806-fb2bdb958f9b", "pmid": "23831262", "title": "Genetic association studies between SNPs and suicidal behavior: a meta-analytical field synopsis.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The large number of published meta-analyses on the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and suicidal behavior mirrors the enormous research interest in this topic. Although meta-analytic evidence is abundant and certain patterns are apparent, those have not been integrated into a general framework as of yet. In a systematic review, genetic association studies between SNPs and suicidal behavior were identified. Previously published meta-analyses for eight SNPs were updated and the results of the different meta-analyses were compared. Meta-analyses for 15 SNPs, which had not been subjected to meta-analysis before, were conducted. The present meta-analytical field synopsis showed five major similarities between new and published analyses: 1) Summary effect sizes were small and rarely statistically significant, 2) heterogeneity between studies was often substantial, 3) there were no time trends, 4) effects were easily swayed and were largely dependent on individual studies, and 5) publication bias does not play a role in this field of research. Meta-analytic data show once more that major contributions of single genes are unlikely. However, association studies and corresponding meta-analyses have been an important and necessary stepping stone in the development of modern and more complex approaches in the genetics of suicidal behavior.", "journal": "Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry", "year": "2013", "authors": "Schild AH, Pietschnig J, Tran US, Voracek M", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis", "Systematic Review" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.06.014", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.265Z" }, { "id": "38ea9c86-6b9b-450b-b936-4273d1b94eac", "pmid": "23973249", "title": "Serotonergic genes and suicidal ideation 2 weeks and 1 year after stroke in Korea.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVES: Serotonergic genes are associated with suicidal behavior; this association has not been tested in stroke survivors, however. In this study, we investigated whether serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and serotonin 2a receptor (5-HTR2a) genes were associated with suicidal ideation at 2 weeks and at 1 year after stroke.\n\nMETHODS: A total of 286 patients were evaluated 2 weeks after stroke, and 222 (78%) participated in a follow-up evaluation one year later. Suicidal ideation was ascertained using the \"suicidal thoughts\" item of the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Associations between suicidal ideation and 5-HTTLPR, STin2 VNTR, 5-HTR2a 1438A/G, and 5-HTR2a 102T/C genotypes were estimated using logistic regression models, and gene-gene interactions were investigated using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method after adjustment for potential covariates, including depression.\n\nRESULTS: The 5-HTR2a 1438 A/A genotype was significantly associated with suicidal ideation 2 weeks after stroke, before and after statistical adjustment. The 5-HTTLPR short allele was associated with suicidal ideation 2 weeks after stroke, although the significance of this finding was not evident after adjustment. No significant associations were observed between any genotype and suicidal ideation one year after stroke. No significant gene-gene interactions were detected.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Individuals with the 5-HTR2a 1438 A/A genotype were more susceptible to suicidal ideation 2 weeks after stroke. Careful evaluation and management are indicated for those with increased genetic vulnerability, particularly during the acute phase of stroke.", "journal": "The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry", "year": "2014", "authors": "Kim JM, Kim SW, Kang HJ, Bae KY, Shin IS, Kim JT, Park MS, Park SW, Kim YH, Cho KH, Yoon JS", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jagp.2013.06.001", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.264Z" }, { "id": "91bd203e-3c56-4f7e-9ad7-f8c47ec86d11", "pmid": "24229544", "title": "Differential susceptibility in longitudinal models of gene-environment interaction for adolescent depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Although family support reliably predicts the development of adolescent depression and suicidal behaviors, relatively little is known about the interplay of family support with potential genetic factors. We tested the association of the 44 base pair polymorphism in the serotonin transporter linked promoter region gene (5-HTTLPR), family support (i.e., cohesion, communication, and warmth), and their interaction with self-reported depression symptoms and risk for suicide in 1,030 Caucasian adolescents and young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. High-quality family support predicted fewer symptoms of depression and reduced risk for suicidality. There was also a significant interaction between 5-HTTLPR and family support for boys and a marginally significant interaction for girls. Among boys with poor family support, youth with at least one short allele had more symptoms of depression and a higher risk for suicide attempts relative to boys homozygous for the long allele. However, in the presence of high family support, boys with the short allele had the fewest depression symptoms (but not suicide attempts). Results suggest that the short allele may increase reactivity to both negative and positive family influences in the development of depression. We discuss the potential role of interactive exchanges between family support and offspring genotype in the development of adolescent depression and suicidal behaviors.", "journal": "Development and psychopathology", "year": "2013", "authors": "Li JJ, Berk MS, Lee SS", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1017/S0954579413000321", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.265Z" }, { "id": "dc8e42d4-de65-460b-8fbf-c1a04d5ce749", "pmid": "24323294", "title": "Gene-environment interactions in common mental disorders: an update and strategy for a genome-wide search.", "imported": false, "abstract": "A decade of research has demonstrated the explanatory potential of interplay between genetic variants and environmental factors in the development of common mental disorders. Initial findings have undergone tests of replicability and specificity. Some gene-environment interactions have been confirmed, some have not replicated and yet other turned out to be more specific than initially thought. Specific and complementary roles of genetic factors have been delineated: a common functional length polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) moderated the effect of childhood maltreatment on chronic depression in adulthood, but did not substantially influence the effects of adult stressful life events on the onset of new depressive episodes; in contrast, a common functional polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) moderated the effect of stressful life events in adulthood in triggering new depressive episodes, but did not influence the effects of childhood maltreatment. Molecular mechanisms underlying gene-environment interactions are being uncovered, including DNA methylation and other epigenetic modifications. New gene-environment interactions continue to be reported, still largely from hypothesis-driven research. Statistical and biological prioritization strategies are proposed to facilitate a systematic discovery of novel gene-environment interactions in genome-wide analyses.", "journal": "Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology", "year": "2014", "authors": "Uher R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00127-013-0801-0", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.020Z" }, { "id": "d98718df-254a-49b3-91b1-a8557f4ebfc3", "pmid": "24338983", "title": "Functional polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene interacts with stressful life events but not childhood maltreatment in the etiology of depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: We test the hypothesis that the functional Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF interacts with recent life events to produce onset of new depressive episodes. We also explore the possibility that the Met allele of this polymorphism interacts with childhood maltreatment to increase the risk of chronic depression.\n\nMETHODS: In a risk-enriched combined sample of unrelated women, childhood maltreatment and current life events were measured with the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse, and Life Events and Difficulties Schedule interviews. Chronic episodes of depression (12 months or longer) during adulthood and onset of a major depressive episode during a 12-month follow-up were established with the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry interview.\n\nRESULTS: Met alleles of BDNF moderated the relationship between recent life events and adult onsets of depression in a significant gene-environment interaction (interaction risk difference 0.216, 95% CI 0.090-0.342; P =.0008). BDNF did not significantly influence the effect of childhood maltreatment on chronic depression in the present sample.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The Met allele of BDNF increases the risk of a new depressive episode following a severe life event. The BDNF and the serotonin transporter gene length polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and BDNF may contribute to depression through distinct mechanisms involving interactions with childhood and adulthood adversity respectively, which may, in combination, be responsible for a substantial proportion of depression burden in the general population.", "journal": "Depression and anxiety", "year": "2014", "authors": "Brown GW, Craig TK, Harris TO, Herbert J, Hodgson K, Tansey KE, Uher R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1002/da.22221", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.019Z" }, { "id": "75751604-d6a0-4a0f-853a-f28f16b7a9f9", "pmid": "24532229", "title": "Psychiatric comorbidity of chronic daily headache: focus on traumatic experiences in childhood, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidality.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual (DSM-5) reclassified some mental disorders recently. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is in a new section termed \"trauma- and stressor-related disorder\". Community-based studies have shown that PTSD is associated with a notably high suicidal risk. In addition to previous findings of comorbidity between chronic daily headache (CDH) and both depressive disorders and anxiety disorders, recent data suggest that frequency of childhood maltreatment, PTSD, and suicidality are also increased in CDH. CDH patients with migraine aura are especially at risk of suicidal ideation. Research suggests that migraine attack, aura, frequency, and chronicity may all be related to serotonergic dysfunction. Vulnerability to PTSD and suicidality are also linked to brain serotonin function, including polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). In the present review, we focus on recent advances in knowledge of traumatic experiences in childhood, PTSD, and suicidality in relation to migraine and CDH. We hypothesize that vulnerability to PTSD is associated with migraine attack, migraine aura, and CDH. We further postulate that these associations may explain some of the elevated suicidal risks among patients with migraine, migraine aura, and/or CDH. Field studies are required to support these hypotheses.", "journal": "Current pain and headache reports", "year": "2014", "authors": "Juang KD, Yang CY", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11916-014-0405-8", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.018Z" }, { "id": "3b6093e5-4236-4cd0-938b-d32a20032a1d", "pmid": "24532229", "title": "Psychiatric comorbidity of chronic daily headache: focus on traumatic experiences in childhood, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidality.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual (DSM-5) reclassified some mental disorders recently. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is in a new section termed \"trauma- and stressor-related disorder\". Community-based studies have shown that PTSD is associated with a notably high suicidal risk. In addition to previous findings of comorbidity between chronic daily headache (CDH) and both depressive disorders and anxiety disorders, recent data suggest that frequency of childhood maltreatment, PTSD, and suicidality are also increased in CDH. CDH patients with migraine aura are especially at risk of suicidal ideation. Research suggests that migraine attack, aura, frequency, and chronicity may all be related to serotonergic dysfunction. Vulnerability to PTSD and suicidality are also linked to brain serotonin function, including polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). In the present review, we focus on recent advances in knowledge of traumatic experiences in childhood, PTSD, and suicidality in relation to migraine and CDH. We hypothesize that vulnerability to PTSD is associated with migraine attack, migraine aura, and CDH. We further postulate that these associations may explain some of the elevated suicidal risks among patients with migraine, migraine aura, and/or CDH. Field studies are required to support these hypotheses.", "journal": "Current pain and headache reports", "year": "2014", "authors": "Juang KD, Yang CY", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11916-014-0405-8", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.264Z" }, { "id": "6313f69c-a8b1-424a-ab59-9c8a7662d8bc", "pmid": "24579916", "title": "Ethnicity moderates the association between 5-HTTLPR and national suicide rates.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The association between ethnicity, national suicide rates, and the functional serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR), under consideration of the role of economic indicators, national alcohol intake, and national happiness scores was analyzed with an ecologic analysis. Data on allelic frequencies of the short (s) allele from 38 countries from over 100,000 healthy screened or general population individuals were analyzed with multiple regression models. Allele frequency varied widely both within and across ethnicities and an ethnicity-based interaction between national suicide rates and 5-HTTLPR allele frequency was revealed with the s allele acting as protective factor in Caucasian and as a risk factor in non-Caucasian populations. This interaction effect underlines the importance of ethnicity as a moderating factor in the genetics of suicide.", "journal": "Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research", "year": "2014", "authors": "Schild AH, Nader IW, Pietschnig J, Voracek M", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1080/13811118.2013.803447", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.264Z" }, { "id": "bb0c9c1a-a544-429e-a65f-a37723cb8bb9", "pmid": "24709017", "title": "Interactions between a serotonin transporter gene, life events and social support on suicidal ideation in Korean elders.", "imported": false, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: The functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) may modify associations between environmental stressors and suicidality in adolescents and working-age adults. We investigated whether the 5-HTTLPR s/l polymorphism interacts with stressful life events (SLEs) and social support deficits (SSDs) on late-life suicidal ideation.\n\nMETHODS: 732 Korean community residents aged 65+ were evaluated and, of 639 without suicidal ideation, 579 (90.6%) were followed two years later. Prevalence and incidence of suicidal ideation was ascertained. Information on SLEs and SSDs were gathered, and covariates included socio-demographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and disability.\n\nRESULTS: Significant interactions were observed between 5-HTTLPR genotype, SLEs and SSDs on both prevalence and incidence of suicidal ideation after adjustment for covariates. The associations of SLEs and SSDs with suicidal ideation were strengthened in combination with higher numbers of s alleles, and were only significant predictors in those with s/s genotype. A significant three-way interaction between 5-HTTLPR genotype, SLEs and SSDs was also found.\n\nLIMITATIONS: The generalizability of suicidal ideation as a marker of suicidality should be considered.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Gene-environment interactions on suicidal behavior are therefore identifiable even in old age.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2014", "authors": "Kim JM, Stewart R, Kim SW, Kang HJ, Kim SY, Lee JY, Bae KY, Shin IS, Yoon JS", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.030", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.264Z" }, { "id": "b54f947b-14ca-42b0-8e10-482c797b5aef", "pmid": "24776739", "title": "Multimodal imaging of a tescalcin (TESC)-regulating polymorphism (rs7294919)-specific effects on hippocampal gray matter structure.", "imported": false, "abstract": "In two large genome-wide association studies, an intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs7294919) involved in TESC gene regulation has been associated with hippocampus volume. Further characterization of neurobiological effects of the TESC gene is warranted using multimodal brain-wide structural and functional imaging. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM8) was used in two large, well-characterized samples of healthy individuals of West-European ancestry (Münster sample, N=503; SHIP-TREND, N=721) to analyze associations between rs7294919 and local gray matter volume. In subsamples, white matter fiber structure was investigated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and limbic responsiveness was measured by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during facial emotion processing (N=220 and N=264, respectively). Furthermore, gene x environment (G × E) interaction and gene x gene interaction with SNPs from genes previously found to be associated with hippocampal size (FKBP5, Reelin, IL-6, TNF-α, BDNF and 5-HTTLPR/rs25531) were explored. We demonstrated highly significant effects of rs7294919 on hippocampal gray matter volumes in both samples. In whole-brain analyses, no other brain areas except the hippocampal formation and adjacent temporal structures were associated with rs7294919. There were no genotype effects on DTI and fMRI results, including functional connectivity measures. No G × E interaction with childhood maltreatment was found in both samples. However, an interaction between rs7294919 and rs2299403 in the Reelin gene was found that withstood correction for multiple comparisons. We conclude that rs7294919 exerts highly robust and regionally specific effects on hippocampal gray matter structures, but not on other neuropsychiatrically relevant imaging markers. The biological interaction between TESC and RELN pointing to a neurodevelopmental origin of the observed findings warrants further mechanistic investigations.", "journal": "Molecular psychiatry", "year": "2015", "authors": "Dannlowski U, Grabe HJ, Wittfeld K, Klaus J, Konrad C, Grotegerd D, Redlich R, Suslow T, Opel N, Ohrmann P, Bauer J, Zwanzger P, Laeger I, Hohoff C, Arolt V, Heindel W, Deppe M, Domschke K, Hegenscheid K, Völzke H, Stacey D, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen H, Kugel H, Baune BT", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Multicenter Study", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1038/mp.2014.39", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.018Z" }, { "id": "09cbe99f-3227-4f63-ad5d-5f5236d61f39", "pmid": "24916825", "title": "Repeated suicidal behaviour: Stressful life events and 5-HTTLPR genetic polymorphism.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Stressful life events and dysregulated mono-aminergic neurotransmission have been associated with suicidal behaviour. The aim of this investigation was to analyze suicidal behaviour in multiple attempters in relation to the stressful life events, and to the polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene. Multiple suicide attempters, admitted to the University Psychiatric Clinic, were interviewed for the number of previous suicide attempts and for the occurrence of stressful life events, recorded in a Life History Calendar. The patients were further genotyped for 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of SERT. The number of suicide attempts was found to be significantly correlated with the number of negative life events experienced during the 6 months preceding each suicide attempt. The L/L genotype was associated with a reduced number of multiple suicide attempts. These results should prompt future study with a larger number of subjects to further investigate the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in repeated suicidal behaviour.", "journal": "International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice", "year": "2009", "authors": "Schillani G, Goljevscek S, Carlino D, De Vanna M, Aguglia E, Giraldi T", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1080/13651500902785652", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.272Z" }, { "id": "4b5510e9-80a4-4676-8eed-57800797c78f", "pmid": "25061568", "title": "General and specific effects of early-life psychosocial adversities on adolescent grey matter volume.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Exposure to childhood adversities (CA) is associated with subsequent alterations in regional brain grey matter volume (GMV). Prior studies have focused mainly on severe neglect and maltreatment. The aim of this study was to determine in currently healthy adolescents if exposure to more common forms of CA results in reduced GMV. Effects on brain structure were investigated using voxel-based morphometry in a cross-sectional study of youth recruited from a population-based longitudinal cohort. 58 participants (mean age = 18.4) with (n = 27) or without (n = 31) CA exposure measured retrospectively from maternal interview were included in the study. Measures of recent negative life events (RNLE) recorded at 14 and 17 years, current depressive symptoms, gender, participant/parental psychiatric history, current family functioning perception and 5-HTTLPR genotype were covariates in analyses. A multivariate analysis of adversities demonstrated a general association with a widespread distributed neural network consisting of cortical midline, lateral frontal, temporal, limbic, and cerebellar regions. Univariate analyses showed more specific associations between adversity measures and regional GMV: CA specifically demonstrated reduced vermis GMV and past psychiatric history with reduced medial temporal lobe volume. In contrast RNLE aged 14 was associated with increased lateral cerebellar and anterior cingulate GMV. We conclude that exposure to moderate levels of childhood adversities occurring during childhood and early adolescence exerts effects on the developing adolescent brain. Reducing exposure to adverse social environments during early life may optimize typical brain development and reduce subsequent mental health risks in adult life.", "journal": "NeuroImage. Clinical", "year": "2014", "authors": "Walsh ND, Dalgleish T, Lombardo MV, Dunn VJ, Van Harmelen AL, Ban M, Goodyer IM", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.nicl.2014.01.001", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.019Z" }, { "id": "f4c92483-aaf1-4d58-ad3b-e8659e576f19", "pmid": "25065374", "title": "Increased severity of suicidal behavior in impulsive aggressive patients exposed to familial adversities.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which childhood abuse and family history of suicidal behavior (FHS) lead to an increased risk of suicidal behavior are still unknown. Impulsive aggression may play an intermediate role. We investigated whether greater scores for aggression and impulsivity might be associated with the effects of FHS and/or childhood abuse on the severity of suicidal behavior.\n\nMETHOD: We examined the scores of three scales measuring impulsive aggression in a sample of 696 suicide attempters. We compared the highest and lowest scores with regard to reports of childhood abuse and FHS using adjusted multinomial regression models. Genetic polymorphisms of the serotonergic system known to be associated with impulsive aggression were also analyzed.\n\nRESULTS: Patients with high impulsive aggressive scores showed significant differences in sociodemographic, clinical and suicidal features compared with patients with low impulsive aggressive scores. Adjusted results showed that combinations of some types of childhood abuse and FHS, particularly emotional abuse and emotional neglect, are associated with high impulsivity and hostility scores. The SS genotype of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) was associated with high levels of impulsivity when the subjects reported emotional abuse [odds ratio (OR) 5.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75-17.5] or physical abuse (OR 5.03, 95% CI 1.50-16.9) in their childhood.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Our results support the role of impulsive aggression as one of the links that may connect childhood abuse and FHS with severity of suicidal behavior.", "journal": "Psychological medicine", "year": "2014", "authors": "Lopez-Castroman J, Jaussent I, Beziat S, Guillaume S, Baca-Garcia E, Genty C, Olié E, Courtet P", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1017/S0033291714000646", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.263Z" }, { "id": "02c41592-468e-43e8-bcd0-4c80238319ab", "pmid": "25219494", "title": "The serotonin transporter genotype modulates the relationship between early stress and adult suicidality in bipolar disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with a higher risk of suicide and with worse early life stress. A serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been shown to influence the relationship between stress and the risk of attempting suicide in the general population, but has not been investigated in BD.\n\nMETHODS: We studied 136 inpatients (93 females, 43 males) with a major depressive episode in the course of BD. Early and recent stressful life events were scored on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). Regional gray matter (GM) volumes were analyzed, acquiring T1-weighted images on a 3.0 Tesla scanner.\n\nRESULTS: Homozygote l/l patients attempted suicide in a higher proportion than *s carriers. A separate-slopes logistic regression showed a significant effect of 5-HTTLPR on the relationship between stress, depression, and suicide among *s carriers, but not among l/l homozygotes, early stress associated with worse probability of attempting suicide and with earlier age at onset of BD. Exposure to early stress correlated with GM volumes in the right prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 46) - again, in *s carriers only.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: 5-HTTLPR modulated the relationship between early life stress and the core features of bipolar illness. 5-HTTLPR*s carriers showed a higher sensitivity to the effects of stress; when exposed to low levels of early stress, they were protected against suicide in respect to l/l, but higher levels of stress progressively increased their risk of suicide and reduced the age at onset of illness.", "journal": "Bipolar disorders", "year": "2014", "authors": "Benedetti F, Riccaboni R, Poletti S, Radaelli D, Locatelli C, Lorenzi C, Pirovano A, Smeraldi E, Colombo C", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1111/bdi.12250", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.263Z" }, { "id": "c17c23ca-3823-4ed6-958d-3deffaaa5c35", "pmid": "25499444", "title": "New evidence of heterogeneity in social anxiety disorder: defining two qualitatively different personality profiles taking into account clinical, environmental and genetic factors.", "imported": false, "abstract": "PURPOSE: To study qualitatively different subgroups of social anxiety disorder (SAD) based on harm avoidance (HA) and novelty seeking (NS) dimensions.\n\nMETHOD: One hundred and forty-two university students with SAD (SCID-DSM-IV) were included in the study. The temperament dimensions HA and NS from the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory were subjected to cluster analysis to identify meaningful subgroups. The identified subgroups were compared for sociodemographics, SAD severity, substance use, history of suicide and self-harm attempts, early life events, and two serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR and STin2.VNTR).\n\nRESULTS: Two subgroups of SAD were identified by cluster analysis: a larger (61% of the sample) inhibited subgroup of subjects with \"high-HA/low-NS\", and a smaller (39%) atypical impulsive subgroup with high-moderate HA and NS. The two groups did not differ in social anxiety severity, but did differ in history of lifetime impulsive-related-problems. History of suicide attempts and self-harm were as twice as frequent in the impulsive subgroup. Significant differences were observed in the pattern of substance misuse. Whereas subjects in the inhibited subgroup showed a greater use of alcohol (P=0.002), subjects in the impulsive subgroup showed a greater use of substances with a high-sensation-seeking profile (P<0.001). The STin2.VNTR genotype frequency showed an inverse distribution between subgroups (P=0.005).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Our study provides further evidence for the presence of qualitatively different SAD subgroups and the propensity of a subset of people with SAD to exhibit impulsive, high-risk behaviors.", "journal": "European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists", "year": "2015", "authors": "Binelli C, Muñiz A, Sanches S, Ortiz A, Navines R, Egmond E, Udina M, Batalla A, López-Sola C, Crippa JA, Subirà S, Martín-Santos R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.418", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.263Z" }, { "id": "77ae2b3e-6bd4-4dab-b526-cd590f195ea0", "pmid": "25500344", "title": "5-HTTLPR × interpersonal stress interaction and nonsuicidal self-injury in general community sample of youth.", "imported": false, "abstract": "No research with youth has investigated whether measured genetic risk interacts with stressful environment (G⁎E) to explain engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Two independent samples of youth were used to test the a priori hypothesis that the Transporter-Linked Polymorphic Region (5-HTTLPR) would interact with chronic interpersonal stress to predict NSSI. We tested this hypothesis with children and adolescents from United States public schools in two independent samples (N׳s=300 and 271) using identical procedures and methods. They were interviewed in person with the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview to assess NSSI engagement and with the UCLA Chronic Stress Interview to assess interpersonal stress. Buccal cells were collected for genotyping of 5-HTTLPR. For both samples, ANOVAs revealed the hypothesized G*E. Specifically, short carriers who experienced severe interpersonal stress exhibited the highest level of NSSI engagement. Replicated across two independent samples, results provide the first demonstration that youth at high genetic susceptibility (5-HTTLPR) and high environmental exposure (chronic interpersonal stress) are at heightened risk for NSSI.", "journal": "Psychiatry research", "year": "2015", "authors": "Hankin BL, Barrocas AL, Young JF, Haberstick B, Smolen A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.037", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.262Z" }, { "id": "468d81af-18a5-441e-a5f2-ada4cd059701", "pmid": "25510949", "title": "The risk for major depression conferred by childhood maltreatment is multiplied by BDNF and SERT genetic vulnerability: a replication study.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence for a moderating role of both serotonin transporter (SERT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes on the risk for major depression (MD) developing after childhood maltreatment. However, research on this topic remains inconclusive, and there is a lack of data from longitudinal studies with large and representative population samples. Our study aimed to clarify whether, in the presence of previous childhood maltreatment, individuals carrying low functional alleles for both SERT 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms had a higher risk for MD.\n\nMETHODS: We explored 2- and 3-way gene (SERT and BDNF) × environment (childhood maltreatment) interactions in a large sample of Spanish adults who were followed up over a 3-year period and assessed in person for both DSM-IV MD and exposure to childhood maltreatment.\n\nRESULTS: Our study included 2679 participants. Those with both the 5-HTTLPR s allele and the BDNF Met allele showed the highest risk of MD if they had previously experienced emotional (z = 2.08, p = 0.037), sexual (z = 2.19, p = 0.029) or any kind of childhood abuse (z = 2.37, p = 0.018). These 3-way interactions remained significant regardless of whether the 5-HTTLPR triallelic or the 5-HTTLPR biallelic polymorphisms were included in the analyses.\n\nLIMITATIONS: Retrospective assessment of childhood maltreatment may have resulted in a moderate degree of recall bias.\n\nCONCLUSION: Our results confirm that the risk of depression conferred by childhood maltreatment is modified by variation at both SERT and BDNF genes.", "journal": "Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN", "year": "2015", "authors": "Gutiérrez B, Bellón JÁ, Rivera M, Molina E, King M, Marston L, Torres-González F, Moreno-Küstner B, Moreno-Peral P, Motrico E, Montón-Franco C, GildeGómez-Barragán MJ, Sánchez-Celaya M, Díaz-Barreiros MÁ, Vicens C, de Dios Luna J, Nazareth I, Cervilla J", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1503/jpn.140097", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.017Z" }, { "id": "f8fb3d88-7f2a-4738-ad59-dd01c438d90c", "pmid": "25517418", "title": "Lack of association between the 5-HTTLPR and positive screening for mental disorders among children exposed to urban violence and maltreatment.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether genetic variations in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR 44-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism) influence an increase in depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents exposed to high levels of violence.\n\nMETHODS: Saliva samples were collected from a group of children who were working on the streets and from their siblings who did not work on the streets. DNA was extracted from the saliva samples and analyzed for 5-HTTLPR polymorphism genotypes.\n\nRESULTS: One hundred and seventy-seven children between the ages of 7 and 14 years were analyzed (114 child workers and 63 siblings). Data on socioeconomic conditions, mental symptoms, and presence and severity of maltreatment and urban violence were collected using a sociodemographic inventory and clinical instruments. There was no positive correlation between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and presence of mental symptoms in our sample, although the children were exposed to high levels of abuse, neglect, and urban violence.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Despite previous studies that associated adult psychiatric disorders with the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and a history of childhood maltreatment, no such association was found in this sample of children at risk.", "journal": "Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)", "year": "2014", "authors": "Cividanes GC, Mello AF, Sallum JM, Fossaluza V, Medeiros Md, Maciel MR, Cavalcante-Nóbrega LP, Mari JJ, Mello MF, Valentte NL", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1150", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.018Z" }, { "id": "39eed6ee-5663-4374-97e4-42aeccb5e2e5", "pmid": "25596490", "title": "The serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) but not serotonin receptor (5-HT2C Cys23Ser) variant is associated with bipolar I disorder in Kurdish population from Western Iran.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The role of 5-HTTLPR and 5-HT2C Cys23Ser polymorphisms in the psychopathology of mood disorders and suicide behavior is controversial. The aim of present study was to investigate the association between 5-HTTLPR and 5-HT2C Cys23Ser variants and susceptibility to bipolar I disorder (BID). The 5-HT2C genotypes were studied in 152 patients with BID and 173 gender- and age-matched healthy individuals with Kurds ethnic background from Western Iran using PCR and PCR-RFLP methods. In recessive model (SS vs. LL+LS) the SS genotype was associated with 1.79-fold increased risk of BID (p=0.018). Also, the presence of S allele increased the risk of adult-onset BID by 1.76-fold (p=0.027). No association was detected between 5-HTTLPR genotypes and alleles with suicide attempt. The frequency of 5-HT2C Ser allele in patients and controls were 12.3 and 12.5%, respectively. Mutant allele of HT2C Ser had higher frequency in female (14.7%) than male (10.5%, p=0.27) patients. The frequency of HT2C Ser allele in patients with a family history of BID tended to be higher (15.7%) than those without a family history of the disease (11.8%). The frequency of HT2C Ser allele in suicide attempter women was higher (16.7%) than those without a suicide attempt (14.3%). Our findings demonstrate 5-HTTLPR polymorphism might be a risk factor for BID and adult-onset BID in Kurds population. However, we found the lack of an association between 5-HT2C Cys/Ser variants and the risk of BID.", "journal": "Neuroscience letters", "year": "2015", "authors": "Mohammadi S, Khazaie H, Rahimi Z, Vaisi-Raygani A, Zargooshi N, Rahimi Z", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.027", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.262Z" }, { "id": "655619ac-ea8f-462a-b3f7-cf196b638255", "pmid": "25643203", "title": "Childhood emotional and sexual maltreatment moderate the relation of the serotonin transporter gene to stress generation.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Emerging evidence suggests that the tendency to generate stressful life events may be, at least in part, genetically determined. However, the role of the early environment in shaping responses to later stressors is crucial to fully specifying biogenetic models of stress generation. The current study examined the moderating role of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual maltreatment on the relation of the serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene to proximal independent, dependent, and dependent-interpersonal life events. This question was tested in a cross-sectional community sample of 297 adolescents and young adults. Childhood maltreatment history and proximal life events were assessed with state-of-the-art interviews that provide independent and standardized ratings of the environmental context. Consistent with the stress generation hypothesis, individuals with the risk s-allele of the serotonin transporter gene reported significantly higher rates of dependent and dependent-interpersonal life events than those homozygous for the l-allele, but only in the context of a history of maternal emotional maltreatment or sexual maltreatment. Neither serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms or childhood maltreatment, or their interaction, were associated with reports of independent life events. The current results demonstrate the importance of considering specificity in the early environmental context when examining the relation of genetic factors to the generation of proximal stress.", "journal": "Journal of abnormal psychology", "year": "2015", "authors": "Harkness KL, Bagby RM, Stewart JG, Larocque CL, Mazurka R, Strauss JS, Ravindran A, Rector NA, Wynne-Edwards KE, Kennedy JL", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1037/abn0000034", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.017Z" }, { "id": "e29539b9-fbd8-43e6-a07a-f6131b925778", "pmid": "25670956", "title": "Possible Association between Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism and Suicide Behavior in Major Depressive Disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genes are major candidate genes for modulating the suicidal behavior. We investigated the association between serotonin transporter polymorphisms and suicidal behavior in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).\n\nMETHODS: Serotonin transporter intron 2 VNTR polymorphism (5-HTTVNTR) and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) were analyzed in 132 depressed patients with suicidal attempt as well as in 122 normal controls. Hamilton's 17-item Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Risk-Rescue rating system (RRR) and the Lethality Suicide Attempt Rating Scale updated (LSARS-II) were assessed for the depressed patients.\n\nRESULTS: Although not statistically significant, a trend was found such that the 10/10 and 10/12 alleles of 5-HTTVNTR were more common in suicidal subjects than in control subjects. Comparing allele frequency, those with a 10 allele or 10 allele carriers were higher in suicidal subjects than in control subjects. No difference was noted in 5-HTTLPR genotypes and haplotype distribution between the suicidal subjects and control subjects. The RRR scores in subjects with the 10/10 5-HTTVNTR genotype or 10 5-HTTVNTR allele were significantly lower than those in subjects with other genotypes.\n\nCONCLUSION: These results show the possibility that 10 allele of 5-HTTVNTR is related to suicidal behavior in the suicidal subjects with MDD and suggest that 12 allele of 5-HTTVNTR might be related to more lethality in the suicidal subjects with MDD.", "journal": "Psychiatry investigation", "year": "2015", "authors": "Lee HY, Hong JP, Hwang JA, Lee HJ, Yoon HK, Lee BH, Kim YK", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.4306/pi.2015.12.1.136", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.263Z" }, { "id": "646e48cd-27d6-4c66-ace1-af7ae2e8bc18", "pmid": "26041607", "title": "Serotonin and Dopamine Candidate Gene Variants and Alcohol- and Non-Alcohol-Related Aggression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "AIMS: Aggressive and criminal traits have a complex genetic background which interacts with environmental factors. Alcohol intoxication has been related to lower thresholds of aggressive behaviors. In this association study of two independent samples, a number of candidate gene variants (5HT2A T102C, 5-HTTLPR, DRD Ins-141Del, DAT1 VNTR) were related to violent criminal behavior and alcohol-related aggressive traits.\n\nMETHOD: Treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals (293 patients and 499 controls from Germany, 180 patients and 402 controls from Poland) underwent a Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism interview which gathered information on alcohol-related violence and criminal behaviors, beside alcohol dependence characteristics.\n\nRESULTS: Patients with a history of violent or non-violent crime were more often male, had an earlier onset of alcoholism, more withdrawal seizures and delirium tremens, and were more likely to have a history of suicide attempts. No significant association between candidate gene variants and criminal behavior was detected. 5HTTLPR variant was related to one characteristic of alcohol-related violence.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: With findings from genome-wide association studies linking aggression-related traits to second messenger systems, further studies are needed to determine the genetic underpinnings of non-alcohol and alcohol-related aggression.", "journal": "Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)", "year": "2015", "authors": "Preuss UW, Koller G, Samochowiec A, Zill P, Samochowiec J, Kucharska-Mazur J, Wong J, Soyka M", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1093/alcalc/agv057", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.262Z" }, { "id": "1516b28c-12dd-4293-9393-d792e3791b66", "pmid": "26070769", "title": "Interactions between childhood maltreatment and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin transporter polymorphisms on depression symptoms.", "imported": false, "abstract": "This study represents the first replication of the BDNF Val66Met ⁎ 5-HTTLPR ⁎ childhood maltreatment effect on self-reported depression symptoms using a rigorous maltreatment interview. Participants included a community sample of 339 adolescents/young adults (age 12-33; 265 female). In the context of childhood neglect, among BDNF Met-carriers, s-allele carriers of 5-HTTLPR reported significantly higher depression than l/l homozygotes, whereas a differential relation of 5-HTTLPR genotype to depression was not seen among BDNF Val/Val homozygotes.", "journal": "Psychiatry research", "year": "2015", "authors": "Harkness KL, Strauss J, Michael Bagby R, Stewart JG, Larocque C, Mazurka R, Ravindran A, Wynne-Edwards KE, Rector NA, Kennedy J", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.040", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.017Z" }, { "id": "afa7c663-511a-47ad-8af5-faffc9726a3a", "pmid": "26205629", "title": "Evaluation of psychiatric and genetic risk factors among primary relatives of suicide completers in Delhi NCR region, India.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Suicide as a public health problem is studied worldwide and association of psychiatric and genetic risk factors for suicidal behavior are the point of discussion in studies across different ethnic groups. The present study is aimed at evaluating psychiatric and genetic traits among primary relatives of suicide completer families in an urban Indian population. Bi-variate analysis shows significant increase in major depression (PHQ and Hamilton), stress, panic disorder, somatoform disorder and suicide attemptamong primary compared to other relatives. Sib pair correlations also reveal significant results for major depression (Hamilton), stress, suicide attempt, intensity of suicide ideation and other anxiety syndrome. 5-HTTLPR, 5-HTT (Stin2) and COMT risk alleles are higher among primary relatives, though statistically insignificant. Backward conditional logistic regression analysis show only independent variable, Depression (Hamilton) made a unique statistically significant contribution to the model in primary relatives.", "journal": "Psychiatry research", "year": "2015", "authors": "Pasi S, Singh PK, Pandey RK, Dikshit PC, Jiloha RC, Rao VR", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.015", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.262Z" }, { "id": "2e9c122b-12ac-4580-817a-3f68859fcae5", "pmid": "26315979", "title": "Gene-Environment Interaction in Youth Depression: Replication of the 5-HTTLPR Moderation in a Diverse Setting.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: Replication of scientific findings is a major challenge in biomedical research. In psychiatry, the identification of measured gene-environment interactions (G×E) has promoted a heated debate over the past decade, with controversial results about its influence on disorders such as major depression. The authors sought to replicate a 2003 study on G×E in youth depression in a large birth cohort from a diverse setting.\n\nMETHOD: Using data from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, and adopting a design as similar as possible to that of the original study, the authors tested whether the relationship between childhood maltreatment and a subsequent depressive episode diagnosis was moderated by 5-HTTLPR genotype. Of 5,249 individuals assessed at birth and followed up to age 18, data on the evaluation for depressive episodes in early adulthood, on childhood maltreatment, and on genotype were available for 3,558 participants, of whom 2,392 remained after conservative screening for previous depressive symptoms. Associations were investigated with logistic regression analyses and controlling for potential confounders.\n\nRESULTS: The results replicated important findings of the original study, this time in a sample of young adults from a middle-income country: there was a differential dose-response relationship between childhood maltreatment and major depression according to 5-HTTLPR genotype.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: After following a research strategy as comparable as possible to that of the original study, the results corroborated the existence of a measured G×E, now in a large sample from a different sociocultural context. These findings provide further evidence that a genetic variant in the 5-HTTLPR moderates the link between childhood maltreatment and youth depression.", "journal": "The American journal of psychiatry", "year": "2015", "authors": "Rocha TB, Hutz MH, Salatino-Oliveira A, Genro JP, Polanczyk GV, Sato JR, Wehrmeister FC, Barros FC, Menezes AM, Rohde LA, Anselmi L, Kieling C", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14070896", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.017Z" }, { "id": "623b4441-fa21-4484-9946-2633bd05a07d", "pmid": "26648857", "title": "The Vulnerability to Suicidal Behavior is Associated with Reduced Connectivity Strength.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Suicidal behavior constitutes a major public health problem. Based on the stress-diathesis model, biological correlates of a diathesis might help to predict risk after stressor-exposure. Structural changes in cortical and subcortical areas and their connections have increasingly been linked with the diathesis. The current study identified structural network changes associated with a diathesis using a whole-brain approach by examining the structural connectivity between regions in euthymic suicide attempters (SA). In addition, the association between connectivity measures, clinical and genetic characteristics was investigated. We hypothesized that SA showed lower connectivity strength, associated with an increased severity of general clinical characteristics and an elevated expression of short alleles in serotonin polymorphisms. Thirteen euthymic SA were compared with fifteen euthymic non-attempters and seventeen healthy controls (HC). Clinical characteristics and three serotonin-related genetic polymorphisms were assessed. Diffusion MRI together with anatomical scans were administered. Preprocessing was performed using Explore DTI. Whole brain tractography of the diffusion-weighted images was followed by a number of streamlines-weighted network analysis using NBS. The network analysis revealed decreased connectivity strength in SA in the connections between the left olfactory cortex and left anterior cingulate gyrus. Furthermore, SA had increased suicidal ideation, hopelessness and self-reported depression, but did not show any differences for the genetic polymorphisms. Finally, lower connectivity strength between the right calcarine fissure and the left middle occipital gyrus was associated with increased trait anxiety severity (rs = -0.78, p < 0.01) and hopelessness (rs = -0.76, p < 0.01). SA showed differences in white matter network connectivity strength associated with clinical characteristics. Together, these variables could play an important role in predicting suicidal behavior.", "journal": "Frontiers in human neuroscience", "year": "2015", "authors": "Bijttebier S, Caeyenberghs K, van den Ameele H, Achten E, Rujescu D, Titeca K, van Heeringen C", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.028", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.262Z" }, { "id": "378f0c45-bf62-49d4-a2cb-80b4c2b14f44", "pmid": "26938215", "title": "Depression, Stressful Life Events, and the Impact of Variation in the Serotonin Transporter: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health).", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The low transcriptionally efficient short-allele of the 5HTTLPR serotonin transporter polymorphism has been implicated to moderate the relationship between the experience of stressful life events (SLEs) and depression. Despite numerous attempts at replicating this observation, results remain inconclusive.\n\nMETHODS: We examined this relationship in young-adult Non-Hispanic white males and females between the ages of 22 and 26 (n = 4724) participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) with follow-up information every six years since 1995.\n\nRESULTS: Linear and logistic regression models, corrected for multiple testing, indicated that carriers of one or more of the S-alleles were more sensitive to stress than those with two L-alleles and at a higher risk for depression. This relationship behaved in a dose-response manner such that the risk for depression was greatest among those who reported experiencing higher numbers of SLEs. In post-hoc analyses we were not able to replicate an interaction effect for suicide ideation but did find suggestive evidence that the effects of SLEs and 5HTTLPR on suicide ideation differed for males and females. There were no effects of childhood maltreatment.\n\nDISCUSSION: Our results provide partial support for the original hypothesis that 5-HTTLPR genotype interacts with the experience of stressful life events in the etiology of depression during young adulthood. However, even with this large sample, and a carefully constructed a priori analysis plan, the results were still not definitive. For the purposes of replication, characterizing the 5HTTLPR in other large data sets with extensive environmental and depression measures is needed.", "journal": "PloS one", "year": "2016", "authors": "Haberstick BC, Boardman JD, Wagner B, Smolen A, Hewitt JK, Killeya-Jones LA, Tabor J, Halpern CT, Brummett BH, Williams RB, Siegler IC, Hopfer CJ, Mullan Harris K", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1038/mp.2009.123", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.017Z" }, { "id": "7246d1a7-66f3-4d22-9a9d-2018771634b0", "pmid": "26938215", "title": "Depression, Stressful Life Events, and the Impact of Variation in the Serotonin Transporter: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health).", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The low transcriptionally efficient short-allele of the 5HTTLPR serotonin transporter polymorphism has been implicated to moderate the relationship between the experience of stressful life events (SLEs) and depression. Despite numerous attempts at replicating this observation, results remain inconclusive.\n\nMETHODS: We examined this relationship in young-adult Non-Hispanic white males and females between the ages of 22 and 26 (n = 4724) participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) with follow-up information every six years since 1995.\n\nRESULTS: Linear and logistic regression models, corrected for multiple testing, indicated that carriers of one or more of the S-alleles were more sensitive to stress than those with two L-alleles and at a higher risk for depression. This relationship behaved in a dose-response manner such that the risk for depression was greatest among those who reported experiencing higher numbers of SLEs. In post-hoc analyses we were not able to replicate an interaction effect for suicide ideation but did find suggestive evidence that the effects of SLEs and 5HTTLPR on suicide ideation differed for males and females. There were no effects of childhood maltreatment.\n\nDISCUSSION: Our results provide partial support for the original hypothesis that 5-HTTLPR genotype interacts with the experience of stressful life events in the etiology of depression during young adulthood. However, even with this large sample, and a carefully constructed a priori analysis plan, the results were still not definitive. For the purposes of replication, characterizing the 5HTTLPR in other large data sets with extensive environmental and depression measures is needed.", "journal": "PloS one", "year": "2016", "authors": "Haberstick BC, Boardman JD, Wagner B, Smolen A, Hewitt JK, Killeya-Jones LA, Tabor J, Halpern CT, Brummett BH, Williams RB, Siegler IC, Hopfer CJ, Mullan Harris K", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1038/mp.2009.123", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.261Z" }, { "id": "2d00220a-9126-44bf-8094-f4f0f9f43d70", "pmid": "26990155", "title": "Meta-analysis of the serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR) in relation to adverse environment and antisocial behavior.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Several studies have suggested an association between antisocial, aggressive, and delinquent behavior and the short variant of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). Yet, genome wide and candidate gene studies in humans have not convincingly shown an association between these behaviors and 5-HTTLPR. Moreover, individual studies examining the effect of 5-HTTLPR in the presence or absence of adverse environmental factors revealed inconsistent results. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to test for the robustness of the potential interaction effect of the \"long-short\" variant of the 5-HTTLPR genotype and environmental adversities, on antisocial behavior. Eight studies, comprising of 12 reasonably independent samples, totaling 7,680 subjects with an effective sample size of 6,724, were included in the meta-analysis. Although our extensive meta-analysis resulted in a significant interaction effect between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and environmental adversities on antisocial behavior, the methodological constraints of the included studies hampered a confident interpretation of our results, and firm conclusions regarding the direction of effect. Future studies that aim to examine biosocial mechanisms that influence the etiology of antisocial behavior should make use of larger samples, extend to genome-wide genetic risk scores and properly control for covariate interaction terms, ensuring valid and well-powered research designs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics", "year": "2016", "authors": "Tielbeek JJ, Karlsson Linnér R, Beers K, Posthuma D, Popma A, Polderman TJ", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis", "Review", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmg.b.32442", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.016Z" }, { "id": "542bd96c-74c3-4eb4-a7e7-0f4f7da10b1f", "pmid": "27062586", "title": "Predictors for self-directed aggression in Italian prisoners include externalizing behaviors, childhood trauma and the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism 5-HTTLPR.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Suicidal behavior and self-mutilation can be regarded as the expression of self-directed aggression and both are common in prison populations. We investigated the influence of externalizing behaviors, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, 5-HTTLPR variants on self-directed aggression (N = 145) in a group of 702 male Italian prisoners. Participants were comprehensively evaluated, including for psychiatric disorders, impulsive traits, lifetime aggressive behavior [Brown-Goodwin Lifetime History of Aggression (BGHA)], hostility, violent behavior during incarceration, depressive symptomatology [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)], childhood trauma [Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)]. Logistic regression analysis showed false discovery rate corrected independent main effects of externalizing behaviors: BGHA (P = 0.001), violent behavior in jail (P = 0.007), extraversion (P = 0.015); HDRS (P = 0.0004), Axis I disorders (P = 0.015), CTQ (P = 0.004) and 5-HTTLPR genotype (P = 0.02). Carriers of 5-HTTLPR high (LA LA ), intermediate (LA LG , SLA ) activity variants were more likely to have exhibited self-directed aggression relative to the low activity (LG LG , SLG , SS) variant: high/low: odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-4.68, P = 0.007; intermediate/low: OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.09-3.68, P = 0.025. The CTQ main effect was driven by physical abuse. There was no interactive effect of 5-HTTLPR and CTQ. Secondary logistic regression analyses in (1) all suicide attempters (N = 88) and (2) all self-mutilators (N = 104), compared with controls showed that in both groups, childhood trauma (P = 0.008-0.01), depression (P = 0.0004-0.001) were strong predictors. BGHA, violent behavior in jail predicted self-mutilation (P = 0.002) but not suicide attempts (P = 0.1). This study was able to distinguish differing influences on self-directed aggression between groups of closely related predictor variables within the externalizing behavioral domain. 5-HTTLPR had an independent, variant dosage effect.", "journal": "Genes, brain, and behavior", "year": "2016", "authors": "Gorodetsky E, Carli V, Sarchiapone M, Roy A, Goldman D, Enoch MA", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1111/gbb.12293", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.261Z" }, { "id": "5b2e5187-e520-4370-9f4a-c1fde2bc9d3d", "pmid": "27138797", "title": "Financial difficulties but not other types of recent negative life events show strong interactions with 5-HTTLPR genotype in the development of depressive symptoms.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Several studies indicate that 5-HTTLPR mediates the effect of childhood adversity in the development of depression, while results are contradictory for recent negative life events. For childhood adversity the interaction with genotype is strongest for sexual abuse, but not for other types of childhood maltreatment; however, possible interactions with specific recent life events have not been investigated separately. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of four distinct types of recent life events in the development of depressive symptoms in a large community sample. Interaction between different types of recent life events measured by the List of Threatening Experiences and the 5-HTTLPR genotype on current depression measured by the depression subscale and additional items of the Brief Symptom Inventory was investigated in 2588 subjects in Manchester and Budapest. Only a nominal interaction was found between life events overall and 5-HTTLPR on depression, which failed to survive correction for multiple testing. However, subcategorising life events into four categories showed a robust interaction between financial difficulties and the 5-HTTLPR genotype, and a weaker interaction in the case of illness/injury. No interaction effect for the other two life event categories was present. We investigated a general non-representative sample in a cross-sectional approach. Depressive symptoms and life event evaluations were self-reported. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism showed a differential interaction pattern with different types of recent life events, with the strongest interaction effects of financial difficulties on depressive symptoms. This specificity of interaction with only particular types of life events may help to explain previous contradictory findings.", "journal": "Translational psychiatry", "year": "2016", "authors": "Gonda X, Eszlari N, Kovacs D, Anderson IM, Deakin JF, Juhasz G, Bagdy G", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1038/tp.2016.57", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.016Z" }, { "id": "1fd81fcd-5078-4a9e-b791-9e999fc9fbb7", "pmid": "27145764", "title": "Influence of 5-HTT variation, childhood trauma and self-efficacy on anxiety traits: a gene-environment-coping interaction study.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Environmental vulnerability factors such as adverse childhood experiences in interaction with genetic risk variants, e.g., the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), are assumed to play a role in the development of anxiety and affective disorders. However, positive influences such as general self-efficacy (GSE) may exert a compensatory effect on genetic disposition, environmental adversity, and anxiety traits. We, thus, assessed childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and GSE in 678 adults genotyped for 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 and their interaction on agoraphobic cognitions (Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire, ACQ), social anxiety (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, LSAS), and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-T). The relationship between anxiety traits and childhood trauma was moderated by self-efficacy in 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 LALA genotype carriers: LALA probands maltreated as children showed high anxiety scores when self-efficacy was low, but low anxiety scores in the presence of high self-efficacy despite childhood maltreatment. Our results extend previous findings regarding anxiety-related traits showing an interactive relationship between 5-HTT genotype and adverse childhood experiences by suggesting coping-related measures to function as an additional dimension buffering the effects of a gene-environment risk constellation. Given that anxiety disorders manifest already early in childhood, this insight could contribute to the improvement of psychotherapeutic interventions by including measures strengthening self-efficacy and inform early targeted preventive interventions in at-risk populations, particularly within the crucial time window of childhood and adolescence.", "journal": "Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)", "year": "2016", "authors": "Schiele MA, Ziegler C, Holitschke K, Schartner C, Schmidt B, Weber H, Reif A, Romanos M, Pauli P, Zwanzger P, Deckert J, Domschke K", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00702-016-1564-z", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.016Z" }, { "id": "71716d35-0f1f-48d0-8f44-d5ddd63e8566", "pmid": "27479537", "title": "Suicide behavior as a quantitative trait and its genetic background.", "imported": false, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Studies have not given yet a clear answer what is the genetic background of suicidal predisposition. The associations between polymorphisms of the TPH1 and 5-HTTLPR genes and violent suicidal behavior was revealed with the least inconsistencies.\n\nMETHOD: We selected 10 \"strong candidate genes\" and 35 SNPs, SLC6A4 and ACP1 for replication study. We searched associations between precisely described suicidal phenotype in 825 affective patients and polymorphisms of selected neurobiological pathways genes as well as their interactions that constitute suicidal risk.\n\nRESULTS: The results confirm the role of TPH1, TPH2, 5HT2A, CRHR1 and ACP1 variants in the risk of suicidal behavior.\n\nLIMITATIONS: In our study we analyzed limited number of candidate genes and only one of them is linked to lithium mechanism of action. We had no data on pharmacological treatment of investigated patients and its relation to the time of suicide attempt.\n\nCONCLUSION: Our results indicate that polymorphisms of various signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior. Non-genetic factors are also involved in the risk of suicidal attempts.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2016", "authors": "Pawlak J, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Wilkosc M, Szczepankiewicz A, Leszczynska-Rodziewicz A, Zaremba D, Kapelski P, Rajewska-Rager A, Hauser J", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.029", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.260Z" }, { "id": "701ce56d-a2e6-4e21-85bf-70d207c20d5c", "pmid": "27573591", "title": "Personality traits as an endophenotype in genetic studies on suicidality in bipolar disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "UNLABELLED: Introduction The influence of personality traits on suicidal behaviour risk has been well documented. Personality traits and suicidal behaviour are partially genetically determined and personality has been described as an endophenotype of suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between personality traits with suicidal behaviour and selected serotonergic gene polymorphisms.\n\nMETHODS: In the study we included 156 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder (BP) and 93 healthy controls. The personality dimensions were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We genotyped two selected polymorphisms of the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene (rs1800532 218A>C and rs1799913 779A>C) and polymorphism in the promoter region of serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR, rs25531) related to serotoninergic neurotransmission. Multiple poisson regression, logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied.\n\nRESULTS: We found numerous differences between the BP patients and the control group in terms of their TCI dimensions/subdimensions. Significant differences were found between patients with, and without, suicidal attempts in fatigability and asthenia (Ha4), as well as in harm avoidance (Ha). We also found that the interactions between TCI subdimensions (the interaction of disordiness (Ns4) and spiritual acceptance (St3), disordiness (Ns4) and integrated conscience (C5), extravagance (Ns3) and resourcefulness (Sd3)) were significantly contributing for suicidal behaviour risk. We found association between all studied genetic polymorphisms and several TCI dimensions and subdimensions.\n\nCONCLUSION: Our results confirm that personality traits are partially determined by genes. Both personality traits and the interactions between temperament and character traits, may be helpful in predicting suicidal behaviour.", "journal": "Acta neuropsychiatrica", "year": "2017", "authors": "Pawlak J, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Maciukiewicz M, Kapelski P, Czerski P, Leszczyńska-Rodziewicz A, Zaremba D, Hauser J", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1017/neu.2016.43", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.259Z" }, { "id": "86bb30de-9c3d-4047-9112-51965c0f4f1b", "pmid": "28203149", "title": "Gene-Gene-Environment Interactions of Serotonin Transporter, Monoamine Oxidase A and Childhood Maltreatment Predict Aggressive Behavior in Chinese Adolescents.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Gene-environment interactions that moderate aggressive behavior have been identified independently in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA). The aim of the present study was to investigate epistasis interactions between MAOA-variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), 5-HTTlinked polymorphism (LPR) and child abuse and the effects of these on aggressive tendencies in a group of otherwise healthy adolescents. A group of 546 Chinese male adolescents completed the Child Trauma Questionnaire and Youth self-report of the Child Behavior Checklist. Buccal cells were collected for DNA analysis. The effects of childhood abuse, MAOA-VNTR, 5-HTTLPR genotypes and their interactive gene-gene-environmental effects on aggressive behavior were analyzed using a linear regression model. The effect of child maltreatment was significant, and a three-way interaction among MAOA-VNTR, 5-HTTLPR and sexual abuse (SA) relating to aggressive behaviors was identified. Chinese male adolescents with high expression of the MAOA-VNTR allele and 5-HTTLPR \"SS\" genotype exhibited the highest aggression tendencies with an increase in SA during childhood. The findings reported support aggression being a complex behavior involving the synergistic effects of gene-gene-environment interactions.", "journal": "Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience", "year": "2017", "authors": "Zhang Y, Ming QS, Yi JY, Wang X, Chai QL, Yao SQ", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.007", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.015Z" }, { "id": "b341d20b-f567-4440-a571-7b34e3e2247f", "pmid": "28373689", "title": "Collaborative meta-analysis finds no evidence of a strong interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR genotype contributing to the development of depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The hypothesis that the S allele of the 5-HTTLPR serotonin transporter promoter region is associated with increased risk of depression, but only in individuals exposed to stressful situations, has generated much interest, research and controversy since first proposed in 2003. Multiple meta-analyses combining results from heterogeneous analyses have not settled the issue. To determine the magnitude of the interaction and the conditions under which it might be observed, we performed new analyses on 31 data sets containing 38 802 European ancestry subjects genotyped for 5-HTTLPR and assessed for depression and childhood maltreatment or other stressful life events, and meta-analysed the results. Analyses targeted two stressors (narrow, broad) and two depression outcomes (current, lifetime). All groups that published on this topic prior to the initiation of our study and met the assessment and sample size criteria were invited to participate. Additional groups, identified by consortium members or self-identified in response to our protocol (published prior to the start of analysis) with qualifying unpublished data, were also invited to participate. A uniform data analysis script implementing the protocol was executed by each of the consortium members. Our findings do not support the interaction hypothesis. We found no subgroups or variable definitions for which an interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR genotype was statistically significant. In contrast, our findings for the main effects of life stressors (strong risk factor) and 5-HTTLPR genotype (no impact on risk) are strikingly consistent across our contributing studies, the original study reporting the interaction and subsequent meta-analyses. Our conclusion is that if an interaction exists in which the S allele of 5-HTTLPR increases risk of depression only in stressed individuals, then it is not broadly generalisable, but must be of modest effect size and only observable in limited situations.", "journal": "Molecular psychiatry", "year": "2018", "authors": "Culverhouse RC, Saccone NL, Horton AC, Ma Y, Anstey KJ, Banaschewski T, Burmeister M, Cohen-Woods S, Etain B, Fisher HL, Goldman N, Guillaume S, Horwood J, Juhasz G, Lester KJ, Mandelli L, Middeldorp CM, Olié E, Villafuerte S, Air TM, Araya R, Bowes L, Burns R, Byrne EM, Coffey C, Coventry WL, Gawronski KAB, Glei D, Hatzimanolis A, Hottenga JJ, Jaussent I, Jawahar C, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Kramer JR, Lajnef M, Little K, Zu Schwabedissen HM, Nauck M, Nederhof E, Petschner P, Peyrot WJ, Schwahn C, Sinnamon G, Stacey D, Tian Y, Toben C, Van der Auwera S, Wainwright N, Wang JC, Willemsen G, Anderson IM, Arolt V, Åslund C, Bagdy G, Baune BT, Bellivier F, Boomsma DI, Courtet P, Dannlowski U, de Geus EJC, Deakin JFW, Easteal S, Eley T, Fergusson DM, Goate AM, Gonda X, Grabe HJ, Holzman C, Johnson EO, Kennedy M, Laucht M, Martin NG, Munafò MR, Nilsson KW, Oldehinkel AJ, Olsson CA, Ormel J, Otte C, Patton GC, Penninx BWJH, Ritchie K, Sarchiapone M, Scheid JM, Serretti A, Smit JH, Stefanis NC, Surtees PG, Völzke H, Weinstein M, Whooley M, Nurnberger JI, Breslau N, Bierut LJ", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.", "Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S." ], "doi": "10.1038/mp.2017.44", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.014Z" }, { "id": "211b4b55-e918-4511-a9d2-19d2293142fd", "pmid": "28416295", "title": "Depressive symptoms in schizophrenia and dopamine and serotonin gene polymorphisms.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Although depressive symptoms seem to be frequent in schizophrenia they have received significantly less attention than other symptom domains. As impaired serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission is implicated in the pathogenesis of depression and schizophrenia this study sought to investigate the putative association between several functional gene polymorphisms (SERT 5-HTTLPR, MAO-A VNTR, COMT Val158Met and DAT VNTR) and schizophrenia. Other objectives of this study were to closely examine schizophrenia symptom domains by performing factor analysis of the two most used instruments in this setting (Positive and negative syndrome scale - PANSS and Calgary depression rating scale - CDSS) and to examine the influence of investigated gene polymorphisms on the schizophrenia symptom domains, focusing on depressive scores. A total of 591 participants were included in the study (300 schizophrenic patients and 291 healthy volunteers). 192 (64%) of schizophrenic patients had significant depressive symptoms. Genotype distribution revealed no significant differences regarding all investigated polymorphisms except the separate gender analysis for MAO-A gene polymorphism which revealed significantly more allele 3 carriers in schizophrenic males. Factor analysis of the PANSS scale revealed the existence of five separate factors (symptom domains), while the CDSS scale revealed two distinct factors. Several investigated gene polymorphisms (mostly SERT and MAO-A, but also COMT) significantly influenced two factors from the PANSS (aggressive/impulsive and negative symptoms) and one from the CDSS scale (suicidality), respectively. Depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients may be influenced by functional gene polymorphisms, especially those implicated in serotonergic neurotransmission.", "journal": "Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry", "year": "2017", "authors": "Peitl V, Štefanović M, Karlović D", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.011", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.259Z" }, { "id": "68938560-48ef-4c2e-81ee-61fcd0866b9c", "pmid": "28467954", "title": "[Association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and suicide: a case-control pilot study].", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVES: Besides psychological and social effects, biological, biochemical and genetic factors also play a role in the background of suicide. The aim is developing a complex model incorporating all the above factors so that suicide could be predicted and prevented in those at risk. Based on several studies 5-HTTLPR s allele frequency is increased in case of violent completed suicides. The aim of the present study was to validate this association in a sample of completed suicides.\n\nMETHODS: During autopsy sample DNA samples were obtained for 5-HTTLPR genotyping from 200 subjects deceased due to suicide and 200 controls deceased due to other causes. Chi square tests and logistic regressions were performed according to additive, dominant and recessive models to analyse the possible association between 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution and suicide.\n\nRESULTS: Ratio of violent and non-violent suicides was 81% and 19% respectively. No significant difference was found in the distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotypes between the suicide and controls samples. No difference was found between violent and nonviolent suicides with respect to genotype distribution. A significant association was found between sl genotype and suicide at a younger age.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Our pilot study did not support the supposed association between 5-HTTLPR and completed suicides or with violent completed suicides. However we found a significant association between sl genotype and suicide in young suicidals.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica : a Magyar Pszichofarmakologiai Egyesulet lapja = official journal of the Hungarian Association of Psychopharmacology", "year": "2017", "authors": "Bokor J, Gonda X, Dome P, Faludi G, Dinya E, Laszik A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.260Z" }, { "id": "5b83292b-27ff-4833-a299-a20fbfe26915", "pmid": "28652746", "title": "Association between serotonin transporter polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) and the MADRS Dysphoria, Retardation, and Vegetative Subscale scores in the treatment of depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between serotonin- or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-related gene polymorphisms and response to antidepressant treatment in a specific symptom cluster of major depression by using the three-factor model of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), ie, dysphoria (items of sadness, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts), retardation (items of lassitude, inability to feel, apparent sadness, and concentration difficulties), and vegetative symptoms (items of reduced sleep, reduced appetite, and inner tension).\n\nMETHODS: This study was an open-label and nonrandomized trial. A total of 160 patients with baseline MADRS scores of ≥21, who were treated with fluvoxamine or milnacipran for 6 weeks, were included in the statistical analysis. Polymorphisms within a 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), a variable number of tandem repeats in the second intron of the 5-HTT gene (5-HTTVNTR), and 5HT2A receptor (1438G/A) were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).\n\nRESULTS: The 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms affected the MADRS score change in dysphoria, but not in retardation, vegetative, or total symptoms. Dysphoria scores significantly decreased in patients with the S/S genotype compared to those in patients with the short (S)/long (L) + L/L genotype. However, 5-HTTVNTR and 1438G/A polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the treatment response to any cluster of depressive symptoms. When a Bonferroni correction was made, however, our results did not reach the criteria for statistical significance.\n\nCONCLUSION: The use of a single total depression rating scale may not be sufficient to accurately estimate the clinical response to antidepressants. Analyzing a subset of symptoms in psychological scales could be important when performing pharmacogenetic studies.", "journal": "Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment", "year": "2017", "authors": "Takahashi H, Higuchi H, Sato K, Kamata M, Yoshida K, Nishimura K", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.2147/NDT.S123708", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.259Z" }, { "id": "b6f60e3f-2ab2-4fe9-bdfc-94343e000a80", "pmid": "28682230", "title": "[Genetics and epigenetics of suicidal behaviors].", "imported": false, "abstract": "With more than 10 000 deaths each year in France, suicide is a major public health problem. Despite many known risk factors, suicide prediction remains extremely difficult in daily clinical practice. The identification of biomarkers, including genetic and epigenetic factors, is needed in suicidology in order to better understand pathophysiology of such behaviors and to improve the screening of individuals at high suicidal risk. Numerous studies have reported candidate genes involved in serotonergic system, HPA axis and neurotrophic system. Moreover, an interaction between genetic factors and environment is now admitted, facilitating emergence of a psychobiological vulnerability leading to the suicidal act. For instance, polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) as well as its interaction with early life events (childhood abuse) are involved in suicidality in adulthood. Unfortunately pangenomic studies are not conclusive yet. Beyond serotonergic genes, the SKA-2 gene, which is involved in stress response, deserves more attention. SKA-2 genic expression and methylation level have been associated with the suicidal act. In the future, the combination of clinical, biological and genetic risk factors will probably improve detection of suicide risk.", "journal": "Biologie aujourd'hui", "year": "2017", "authors": "Olié E, Courtet P", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1051/jbio/2017013", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.260Z" }, { "id": "77673950-b4ce-4ffc-919f-390d2a795621", "pmid": "28711621", "title": "Length of axons expressing the serotonin transporter in orbitofrontal cortex is lower with age in depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) in postmortem brain tissue report enhanced binding to inhibitory serotonin-1A autoreceptors in midbrain dorsal raphe and reductions in length of axons expressing the serotonin transporter (SERT) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The length density of axons expressing SERT in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was determined in 18 subjects with MDD and 17 age-matched control subjects. A monoclonal antibody was used to immunohistochemically label the SERT in fixed sections of OFC. The 3-dimensional length density of SERT-immunoreactive (ir) axons in layer VI of OFC was estimated. The age of subjects with MDD was negatively correlated with SERT axon length (r=-0.77, p<0.0005). The significant effect of age persisted when removing four depressed subjects with an antidepressant medication present at the time of death, or when removing nine depressed subjects that had a recent prescription for an antidepressant medication. Neither gender, tissue pH, postmortem interval, 5-HTTLPR genotype, time in fixative, nor death by suicide had a significant effect on axon length. The age-related decrease in SERT-ir axon length in MDD may reflect pathology of ascending axons passing through deep white matter hyperintensities. Greater length of axons expressing SERT in younger subjects with MDD may result in a significant deficit in serotonin availability in OFC.", "journal": "Neuroscience", "year": "2017", "authors": "Rajkowska G, Mahajan G, Legutko B, Challagundla L, Griswold M, Albert PR, Daigle M, Miguel-Hidalgo JJ, Austin MC, Blakely RD, Steffens DC, Stockmeier CA", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0984", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.253Z" }, { "id": "01208661-3d6a-4563-af2c-2e508d03d795", "pmid": "28716530", "title": "Genetic association analysis of serotonin and signal transduction pathways in suicide attempters from an Italian sample of psychiatric patients.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Genetic factors have been reported to contribute to the liability of suicide. We aimed to investigate functional polymorphisms in eight genes (serotonin transporter, SLC6A4; receptors, 5HTR1A, 1B, 5HTR2A; Tryptophan Hydroxylase, TPH1, TPH2; Monoamine Oxidase, MAOA and G Protein Subunit Beta 3, GNB3) to investigate their predictive value for suicide. The possible confounding effects of gender and phenotypic patients dissection were also valued. A sample of 111 consecutive psychiatric inpatients was recruited and assessed using specific psychometric instruments. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral white blood cell samples and polymorphisms were genotyped by pyrosequencing technology. Although no differences were observed between allele and genotype frequencies for all polymorphisms and suicide attempt (SA), a polygenic risk score was detected for three genes HTR2A (A-1438G), TPH1 and TPH2 increasing the prediction of SA risk (Thresh=0.43, p=0.038, R2=0.053). Moreover some nominal associations were obtained after gender and phenotypic dissection stratification (TEMPS-A, TEMPs-H, GSMD, SHSS, GAF, CGI) for SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR), HTR1A (C-1019G), HTR2A (A-1438G), TPH1 (A799C) and GNB3 (C825T) genes, that were lost after Bonferroni correction. This is a first evidence that specific additive combinations of genes could increase the prediction of SA risk and that gender and phenotypic dissection could influence the association of the genes with SA. This could represent a further study also for future meta-analyses on larger samples.", "journal": "Neuroscience letters", "year": "2017", "authors": "Pompili M, Gentile G, Scassellati C, Bonvicini C, Innamorati M, Erbuto D, Montebovi F, Ducci G, Forte A, De Pisa E, Ferracuti S, Serafini G, De Luca V, Amore M, Simmaco M, Girardi P", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.020", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.258Z" }, { "id": "d0a6252c-436f-4bd5-a5ca-741d9dada649", "pmid": "28743254", "title": "Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and increased suicidal risk among HIV positive patients in Uganda.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are at an increased risk of suicide. Increased suicidal risk is a predictor of future attempted and completed suicides and has been associated with poor quality of life and poor adherence with antiretroviral therapy. Clinical risk factors have low predictive value for suicide, hence the interest in potential neurobiological correlates and specific heritable markers of suicide vulnerability. The serotonin transporter gene has previously been implicated in the aetiology of increased suicidal risk in non-HIV infected study populations and its variations may provide a platform for identifying genetic risk for suicidality among PLWHA. The present cross-sectional study aimed at identifying two common genetic variants of the serotonin transporter gene and their association with increased suicidal risk among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults in Uganda.\n\nRESULTS: The prevalence of increased suicidal risk (defined as moderate to high risk suicidality on the suicidality module of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) was 3.3% (95% CI, 2.0-5.3). The 5-HTTLPR was found to be associated with increased suicidal risk before Bonferroni correction (p-value = 0.0174). A protective effect on increased suicidal risk was found for the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 S A allele (p-value = 0.0046)- which directs reduced expression of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT).\n\nCONCLUSION: The S A allele at the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 locus is associated with increased suicidal risk among Ugandan PLWHA. Further studies are needed to validate this finding in Ugandan and other sub-Saharan samples.", "journal": "BMC genetics", "year": "2017", "authors": "Kalungi A, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ, van der Merwe L, Joloba ML, Nanteza A, Nakassujja N, Birabwa H, Serwanga J, Kaleebu P, Kinyanda E", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00213.x", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.259Z" }, { "id": "579b94c5-4576-4afd-9835-9d042b36472a", "pmid": "28890225", "title": "Early life stress predicts negative urgency through brooding, depending on 5-HTTLPR genotype: A pilot study with 6-month follow-up examining suicide ideation.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The present study examined the interaction between early life stress and 5-HTT genotypes in predicting two risk factors for suicidal behavior - the brooding subtype of rumination and impulsivity, in the form of negative urgency - over time. Furthermore, we examined early life stress, brooding, and impulsivity as predictors of suicidal ideation over time. Participants with and without a history of early life stress were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and completed assessments assessing brooding and negative urgency at baseline and 6-month follow up. Early life emotional abuse was associated with negative urgency at follow-up. We found an indirect effect of early life emotional abuse on negative urgency through brooding among individuals with 5-HTT low expressing genotypes but not among individuals with 5-HTT high expressing genotypes. Further, a logistic regression analysis revealed that negative urgency was associated with higher odds (O.R. = 16.2) of reporting suicide ideation (versus no ideation) at follow-up. Our findings suggest that brooding and negative urgency may result from the interaction between early life emotional abuse and 5-HTT low expressing genotypes. Further research is necessary to understand how early life stress interacts with 5-HTT genotypes to confer risk for suicidal behavior through psychological mechanisms.", "journal": "Psychiatry research", "year": "2017", "authors": "Valderrama J, Miranda R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.092", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.252Z" }, { "id": "5a330b37-e14e-43ab-8500-ad4e79825510", "pmid": "28914102", "title": "5-HTTLPR-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene interactions and early adverse life events effect on impulsivity in suicide attempters.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVES: An expanding body of research suggests that childhood adverse experiences can lead to different negative health outcomes, including attempted suicide. Serotonergic genes such as the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) have been associated both with impulsivity in suicide attempts and reactivity to environmental stress exposure. BDNF gene may play an epigenetic role.\n\nMETHODS: We studied the influence of childhood stressful events and 5-HTTLPR genotype on impulsivity measured by Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-10) in a multicentre sample of 1,655 suicide attempters (69.4% women, 30.6% men; mean age 40.13 years). A co-dominant additive genetic model was used for the statistical analyses. Interaction between 5-HTTLPR genotype and early trauma exposure was tested using moderated and multiple regression techniques. Interaction plots were used to explore BDNF genotype modulation.\n\nRESULTS: Mildly higher impulsivity scores were found in men with SS compared with SL or LL genotypes, and men with childhood emotional and physical abuse. Interaction analyses showed that combination of 5-HTTLPR-SS genotype and early trauma exposure increase impulsivity scores independently. Impulsivity scores were not affected by the modulation of BDNF genes.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma and 5-HTTLPR genotype seem to be independently involved in suicide attempts, sharing a common pathway of increasing impulsivity.", "journal": "The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry", "year": "2019", "authors": "Jiménez-Treviño L, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Blasco-Fontecilla H, Carli V, Iosue M, Jaussent I, López-Castroman J, Vaquero-Lorenzo C, Sarchiapone M, Baca-García E, Courtet P, Bobes J", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Multicenter Study" ], "doi": "10.1080/15622975.2017.1376112", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.011Z" }, { "id": "2b4aa877-8c5f-41fd-b4f3-103ba8f07c36", "pmid": "28914102", "title": "5-HTTLPR-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene interactions and early adverse life events effect on impulsivity in suicide attempters.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVES: An expanding body of research suggests that childhood adverse experiences can lead to different negative health outcomes, including attempted suicide. Serotonergic genes such as the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) have been associated both with impulsivity in suicide attempts and reactivity to environmental stress exposure. BDNF gene may play an epigenetic role.\n\nMETHODS: We studied the influence of childhood stressful events and 5-HTTLPR genotype on impulsivity measured by Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-10) in a multicentre sample of 1,655 suicide attempters (69.4% women, 30.6% men; mean age 40.13 years). A co-dominant additive genetic model was used for the statistical analyses. Interaction between 5-HTTLPR genotype and early trauma exposure was tested using moderated and multiple regression techniques. Interaction plots were used to explore BDNF genotype modulation.\n\nRESULTS: Mildly higher impulsivity scores were found in men with SS compared with SL or LL genotypes, and men with childhood emotional and physical abuse. Interaction analyses showed that combination of 5-HTTLPR-SS genotype and early trauma exposure increase impulsivity scores independently. Impulsivity scores were not affected by the modulation of BDNF genes.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma and 5-HTTLPR genotype seem to be independently involved in suicide attempts, sharing a common pathway of increasing impulsivity.", "journal": "The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry", "year": "2019", "authors": "Jiménez-Treviño L, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Blasco-Fontecilla H, Carli V, Iosue M, Jaussent I, López-Castroman J, Vaquero-Lorenzo C, Sarchiapone M, Baca-García E, Courtet P, Bobes J", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Multicenter Study" ], "doi": "10.1080/15622975.2017.1376112", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.251Z" }, { "id": "7ad6d831-9531-4600-a387-9abe9acb050e", "pmid": "29016262", "title": "Association of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism with the Nursing Diagnoses and the Achievement of Nursing Outcomes in Patients with Major Depression.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The aim of this study is to investigate whether a 44-base-pair insertion/deletion polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is associated with the nursing diagnoses and the achievement of the desired nursing outcomes in inpatients with major depression. Thirty five patients were evaluated. The nursing diagnoses of risk for suicide and imbalanced nutrition are reported less often in homozygotes of the high-expressing gene (LA). Carriers of the low-expressing genes (LG or S) have a worse response to interventions which aim to increase low self-esteem, indicating that they may need more intensive care in order to achieve the desired outcome. Genetics in psychiatric nursing could help refine personalized care, however further studies with large sample sizes and multiple gene evaluations are needed.", "journal": "Issues in mental health nursing", "year": "2017", "authors": "Prokofieva M, Karadima G, Koukia E, Michou V, Kyprianidou C, Papageorgiou CV, Alexiadis E, Constantoulakis P, Dikeos D", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1080/01612840.2017.1364811", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.253Z" }, { "id": "62551438-5bf0-49af-beb8-74040e7e1f94", "pmid": "29190830", "title": "Reduced functional connectivity of fronto-parietal sustained attention networks in severe childhood abuse.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Childhood maltreatment is associated with attention deficits. We examined the effect of childhood abuse and abuse-by-gene (5-HTTLPR, MAOA, FKBP5) interaction on functional brain connectivity during sustained attention in medication/drug-free adolescents. Functional connectivity was compared, using generalised psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, between 21 age-and gender-matched adolescents exposed to severe childhood abuse and 27 healthy controls, while they performed a parametrically modulated vigilance task requiring target detection with a progressively increasing load of sustained attention. Behaviourally, participants exposed to childhood abuse had increased omission errors compared to healthy controls. During the most challenging attention condition abused participants relative to controls exhibited reduced connectivity, with a left-hemispheric bias, in typical fronto-parietal attention networks, including dorsolateral, rostromedial and inferior prefrontal and inferior parietal regions. Abuse-related connectivity abnormalities were exacerbated in individuals homozygous for the risky C-allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs3800373 of the FK506 Binding Protein 5 (FKBP5) gene. Findings suggest that childhood abuse is associated with decreased functional connectivity in fronto-parietal attention networks and that the FKBP5 genotype moderates neurobiological vulnerability to abuse. These findings represent a first step towards the delineation of abuse-related neurofunctional connectivity abnormalities, which hopefully will facilitate the development of specific treatment strategies for victims of childhood maltreatment.", "journal": "PloS one", "year": "2017", "authors": "Hart H, Lim L, Mehta MA, Chatzieffraimidou A, Curtis C, Xu X, Breen G, Simmons A, Mirza K, Rubia K", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.03.004", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.015Z" }, { "id": "defc4446-abc7-47fe-b910-a2b28fab38e8", "pmid": "29212281", "title": "Genetic predisposition toward suicidal ideation in patients with acute coronary syndrome.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The genetic predisposition toward suicidal ideation has been explored to identify subgroups at high risk and to prevent suicide. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with an increased risk of suicide, but few studies have explored the genetic predisposition toward suicide in ACS populations. Therefore, this longitudinal study explored the genetic predisposition toward suicidal ideation in ACS patients. In total, of 969 patients within 2 weeks after ACS, 711 were followed at 1 year after ACS. Suicidal ideation was evaluated with the relevant items on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Ten genetic polymorphisms associated with serotonergic systems, neurotrophic factors, carbon metabolism, and inflammatory cytokines were examined. Associations between genetic polymorphisms and suicidal ideation within 2 weeks and 1 year of ACS were investigated using logistic regression models. The 5-HTTLPR s allele was significantly associated with suicidal ideation within 2 weeks of ACS after adjusting for covariates and after the Bonferroni correction. TNF-α -308G/A, IL-1β -511C/T, and IL-1β + 3953C/T were significantly associated with suicidal ideation within 2 weeks after ACS, but these associations did not reach significance after the Bonferroni correction in unadjusted analyses and after adjusting for covariance. However, no significant association between genetic polymorphisms and suicidal ideation was found at 1 year. Genetic predisposition, 5-HTTLPR s allele in particular, may confer susceptibility to suicidal ideation in ACS patients during the acute phase of ACS.", "journal": "Oncotarget", "year": "2017", "authors": "Kang HJ, Bae KY, Kim SW, Shin IS, Hong YJ, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Yoon JS, Kim JM", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1093/ndt/gfw244", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.253Z" }, { "id": "0949090b-2344-4457-9fb0-923840175126", "pmid": "29434543", "title": "Altered Functional Connectivity of Fronto-Cingulo-Striatal Circuits during Error Monitoring in Adolescents with a History of Childhood Abuse.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Childhood maltreatment is associated with error hypersensitivity. We examined the effect of childhood abuse and abuse-by-gene (5-HTTLPR, MAOA) interaction on functional brain connectivity during error processing in medication/drug-free adolescents. Functional connectivity was compared, using generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, between 22 age- and gender-matched medication-naïve and substance abuse-free adolescents exposed to severe childhood abuse and 27 healthy controls, while they performed an individually adjusted tracking stop-signal task, designed to elicit 50% inhibition failures. During inhibition failures, abused participants relative to healthy controls exhibited reduced connectivity between right and left putamen, bilateral caudate and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and between right supplementary motor area (SMA) and right inferior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Abuse-related connectivity abnormalities were associated with longer abuse duration. No group differences in connectivity were observed for successful inhibition. The findings suggest that childhood abuse is associated with decreased functional connectivity in fronto-cingulo-striatal networks during error processing. Furthermore that the severity of connectivity abnormalities increases with abuse duration. Reduced connectivity of error detection networks in maltreated individuals may be linked to constant monitoring of errors in order to avoid mistakes which, in abusive contexts, are often associated with harsh punishment.", "journal": "Frontiers in human neuroscience", "year": "2018", "authors": "Hart H, Lim L, Mehta MA, Curtis C, Xu X, Breen G, Simmons A, Mirza K, Rubia K", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1159/000063667", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.013Z" }, { "id": "ddd09632-49b8-4d01-99bc-073feb6be77e", "pmid": "29957477", "title": "5-HTT mRNA level as a potential biomarker of treatment response in patients with major depression in a clinical trial.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the serotonin transporter (5-HTT or SERT or SLC6A4) mRNA level could be used as a biomarker of treatment response in patients with major depression treated with different antidepressants while controlling related factors.\n\nMETHODS: One hundred and nineteen patients with major depression were recruited; all genotyped for the 5-HTT polymorphism concerning 5-HTTLPR, rs25531, and STin2 VNTR, provided demographic data and completed relevant questionnaires. Duloxetine and paroxetine were administered over 32 weeks to these patients. The Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and 5-HTT mRNA level were evaluated at baseline (Week 0), and at 8, 16, 24 and 32 weeks.\n\nRESULTS: Improvement in depressive symptoms (HDRS score declined) and increasing in 5-HTT mRNA level were found with longer duration of antidepressant treatment in patients with major depression. Patients with more 5-HTTPR long-form alleles and STin2.12 alleles had poor antidepressant treatment response. Duloxetine may give a better treatment response than paroxetine. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the 5-HTTLPR long-form had a direct positive association with the 5-HTT mRNA level and an indirect adverse relationship with the 5-HTT mRNA level through neuroticism and previous suicide attempts.\n\nCONCLUSION: The 5-HTT mRNA level increased and correlated with the treatment response (HDRS score improvement) under 32-weeks antidepressants treatment clinical trial. We speculate that the 5-HTT mRNA level may be used as a potential biomarker of antidepressant treatment response.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2018", "authors": "Kao WT, Chang CL, Lung FW", "articleTypes": [ "Clinical Trial", "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.035", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.252Z" }, { "id": "e5937418-bd67-4d10-8250-5b791ad4887b", "pmid": "29988976", "title": "The 5-HTTLPR genotype, early life adversity and cortisol responsivity to psychosocial stress in women.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has previously been associated with hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Moreover, it has been suggested that this association is moderated by an interaction with stressful life experiences.\n\nAIMS: To investigate the moderation of cortisol response to psychosocial stress by 5-HTTLPR genotype, either directly or through an interaction with early life stress.\n\nMETHOD: A total of 151 women, 85 of which had personality psychopathology, performed the Trier Social Stress Test while cortisol responsivity was assessed.\n\nRESULTS: The results demonstrate a main effect of genotype on cortisol responsivity. Women carrying two copies of the long version of 5-HTTLPR exhibited stronger cortisol responses to psychosocial stress than women with at least one copy of the short allele (P = 0.03). However, the proportion of the variance of stress-induced cortisol responsivity explained by 5-HTTLPR genotype was not further strengthened by including early life adversity as a moderating factor (P = 0.52).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the need to clarify gender-specific biological factors influencing the serotonergic system. Furthermore, our results suggest that childhood maltreatment, specifically during the first 15 years of life, is unlikely to exert a moderating influence of large effect on the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and cortisol responsivity to psychosocial stress.\n\nDECLARATION OF INTEREST: None.", "journal": "BJPsych open", "year": "2018", "authors": "Aleknaviciute J, Tulen JHM, de Rijke YB, van der Kroeg M, Kooiman CG, Kushner SA", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1192/bjo.2018.23", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.012Z" }, { "id": "4bb4ecb7-4815-473d-a1ed-3941aa77065f", "pmid": "30036761", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism as a predictor of short-term risk of suicide reattempts.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: The serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms are associated with suicidal behavior; however, prospective studies are scarce. Herein we aim to determine if 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms predict risk of short-term suicide reattempt in a high-risk suicidal sample. We also explore possible mediators or moderators of this relationship.\n\nMETHODS: A multicenter prospective cohort study was designed to compare data obtained form 136 patients admitted to the emergency department for current suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt. Subjects were clinically evaluated, genotyped, and monitored for a new suicide attempt for 6 months.\n\nRESULTS: At 6 months of follow up, 21% of the subjects had a new suicide attempt. The frequency of L-allele and L-carrier was higher in reattempters when compared with non-reattempters (55.8% vs. 35.4%, p =  0.01 and 76.9% vs. 54.2%, p = 0.04, respectively). Reattempters also differ from non-reattempters patients with respect to age, history of previous suicide attempts, and age of onset of suicidal behavior. The logistic regression model showed that L-carriers had an odds ratio of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.0-7.6) for reattempts when compared to SS genotype. The adjusted model indicates that this association is not mediated or moderated by impulsivity.\n\nCONCLUSION: The 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms predicted short-term risk of suicidal reattempt independently of age and sex. L-carriers have almost three times more risk of relapse when compared with SS carriers.", "journal": "European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists", "year": "2018", "authors": "Daray FM, Arena ÁR, Armesto AR, Rodante DE, Puppo S, Vidjen P, Portela A, Grendas LN, Errasti AE", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.07.001", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.252Z" }, { "id": "2df1ea65-2e2a-4b94-9bf0-7e0474863a63", "pmid": "30125622", "title": "The influence of the serotonin transporter gene 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on suicidal behaviors: a meta-analysis.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Suicidal Behavior (SB) is the second leading cause of death among youths worldwide and the tenth among all age groups. Inherited genetic differences have a role in suicidality with heritability ranging from 30 to 55%. The SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR gene variant has been largely investigated for association with SB, with controversial results. In this work, we sought to determine whether the results of previous meta-analyses were confirmed or modified subsequent to the inclusion of more recent literature data. An electronic literature search was performed to identify relevant studies published until July 2018. Data were analysed through RevMan v5.3. Subgroup and sensitivity meta-analyses were performed considering different SB sub-phenotypes, ethnicity, gender and psychiatric diagnostic categories. Our literature search yielded 1186 articles; among these, we identified 45 pertinent case-control studies (15,341 subjects). No association was found between low-expressing alleles or genotypes (S + LG alleles or S' carrier genotypes) and SB in the primary analyses. However, low-expressing alleles (S + LG) were associated with an increased risk of Violent Suicide Attempt (OR = 1.44, C.I. 1.17-1.78, p = .0007). An effect of the same alleles on SB was found in a subpopulation of substance abusers, but this result was not confirmed after the exclusion of healthy subjects from the control group. The other sensitivity meta-analyses did not show any significant effect. Our findings contribute to clarify the conflicting previous evidence by suggesting an association between the 5-HTTLPR and Violent SB. Nonetheless, many other modulators, including environmental factors and epigenetic mechanisms may act to further increase the level of complexity.", "journal": "Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry", "year": "2019", "authors": "Fanelli G, Serretti A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.007", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.251Z" }, { "id": "36b4c23b-388b-47e3-9f32-823e68456667", "pmid": "30724325", "title": "Association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, suicide attempt and comorbidity in Mexican adolescents with major depressive disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization reports that suicide is among the leading causes of death for young people. Depression is the most frequently related disorder with suicidal behaviors. There is increasing evidence that suicidal behavior has a strong genetic contribution. Several studies report an association between the genotype \"SS\" and the \"S\" allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and suicidal behavior. The aim of the study was to determine the association of variants of the serotonin transporter gene with suicidal attempt and comorbidity in depressed adolescents.\n\nMETHODS: The frequencies of ss genotypes and s allele were compared between a sample of 200 adolescents with a diagnosis of depression and the antecedent of a suicide attempt who were evaluated with K-SADS-PL and a group of 235 healthy controls. Genotyping of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was performed by PCR.\n\nRESULTS: Analysis of the frequencies of genotypes and alleles showed a statistically significant difference between the groups (Genotypes: x2=11.1, df=2, p=0.004, Alleles: x2=11.9, df=1, p=0.0009). There were no associations with comorbid disorders.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The results support the hypothesis that the serotonin transporter gene, specifically the s allele and the ss genotype of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, are related to the history of depression and suicide attempt in adolescents.", "journal": "Actas espanolas de psiquiatria", "year": "2019", "authors": "Sarmiento-Hernández EI, Ulloa-Flores RE, Camarena-Medellín B, Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Aguilar-García A, Hernández-Muñoz S", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.252Z" }, { "id": "163e2bd7-35e5-476c-9bae-46cb9243d5a7", "pmid": "30923939", "title": "Association of TPH1 and serotonin transporter genotypes with treatment response for suicidal ideation: a preliminary study.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Variants in three genes coding for components of the serotonergic system, the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) rs1799913, serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) 5-HTTLPR, and serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) rs6311, were evaluated for association with suicidal ideation (SI) and with recovery from SI in a psychiatric inpatient population. Five hundred and eighty-two adult inpatients, including 390 patients who had SI, collected from December 2012 to April 2016 were assessed. SI recovery, calculated as change in SI between the first two-week period after admission and weeks 5 and 6, was appraised for association with the three variants. In this preliminary study, both TPH1 and 5-HTTLPR genotypes were associated with recovery (TPH1: recessive model, increased recovery with AC genotype, P = 0.026; additive model, increased recovery with AC genotype, P = 0.037; 5-HTTLPR: recessive model, increased recovery with AC, P = 0.043). When patients with comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD) were removed, given that TPH1 has been associated with alcoholism, the associations of those recovered from SI with TPH1 rs1799913 remained significant for the additive (increased recovery with AC, P = 0.045) and recessive (increased recovery with C-carriers, P = 0.008) models, and with 5-HTTLPR using the dominant model (increased recovery with S'S', P = 0.016). In females, an association of SI recovery with TPH1 rs1799913 was found using a recessive model (increased recovery with C-carriers, P = 0.031), with 5-HTTLPR using additive (increased recovery with L'S', P = 0.048) and recessive (increased recovery with S'S', P = 0.042) models. Additionally, an association of SI with TPH1 rs1799913 was found in females using both additive (increased risk in AC, P = 0.033) and recessive (increased risk in C-carriers, P = 0.043) models, and with 5-HTTLPR using a recessive model (increased risk in S'S', P = 0.030). This study provides evidence that variation in the TPH1 and serotonin transporter genes play key roles in moderating recovery from SI during treatment in an inpatient psychiatric clinic.", "journal": "European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience", "year": "2020", "authors": "Nielsen DA, Deng H, Patriquin MA, Harding MJ, Oldham J, Salas R, Fowler JC, Frueh BC", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00406-019-01009-w", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.250Z" }, { "id": "40d7095b-ee87-462f-bfa0-543819e14666", "pmid": "31223242", "title": "No Interaction Between Childhood Maltreatment and Serotonin Transporter Gene in Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder: A Clinical Sample.", "imported": false, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: There is inconsistent evidence of interaction between childhood adversities and a serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in depression. It is hypothesized that genetic sensitivity to stress could be more specific to recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of the study is to replicate a recent study which provided preliminary evidence of interaction between severity of childhood maltreatment and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in recurrent MDD.\n\nMETHODS: Participants included a well-characterized clinical sample of 70 recurrent MDD cases and 67 never psychiatrically ill controls, aged 18 years or over. Socio-demographic and clinical information form, Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were applied to both groups, along with genotyping.\n\nRESULTS: There was no interaction between childhood maltreatment and the 5-HTTLPR in relation to recurrent MDD. All forms of childhood maltreatment were reported as more severe by cases than controls, and there was an independent association between maltreatment and recurrent MDD.\n\nCONCLUSION: The path forward to detect genetic risk loci for depression remains challenging. Taking childhood maltreatment history into account could lead to a richer understanding of differences in biological correlates, genetic underpinnings, and outcomes.", "journal": "Noro psikiyatri arsivi", "year": "2019", "authors": "Özçürümez G, Yurdakul HT, Terzi Y, Direk N, Eşsizoğlu A, Şahin F", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.29399/npa.23325", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.011Z" }, { "id": "578f89c3-e361-434d-9fcf-aa3aa8e6718a", "pmid": "31228794", "title": "A preliminary association study between serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR), receptor polymorphisms (5-HTR1A, 5-HTR2A) and depression symptom-clusters in a north Indian population suffering from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).", "imported": false, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a broad heterogeneous diagnostic construct. Previous studies have shown that it can be resolved into several symptom-clusters which are proposed to be associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the serotonergic pathway (5-HTTLPR, 5HTR1A, 5-HTR2A).\n\nMETHODS AND MATERIAL: In a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary level mental health care set-up in north India, 80 out-patients with MDD were evaluated with Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and then genotyping was done. The different clinical and genetic variables were compared across the factor structures of MADRS. Also, the comparison of the genetic data of cases was done with the pre-existing database of the non-blood related healthy ethnically-matched controls.\n\nRESULTS: There was no significant association between age, gender, other clinical variables, SNPs like 5-HTTLPR SS/SL, rs6295 CC/CG/GG, rs6311GG/GA/AA, rs6313 CC/CT/TT and different factor-structures like 'detachment' consisting of items like concentration difficulty, lassitude, inability to feel; 'psychic anxiety' consisting of suicidal thoughts and inner tension; 'mood-pessimism' consisting of symptoms like apparent sadness, reported sadness, pessimistic thoughts and 'vegetative symptoms' like decreased sleep, poor appetite. Neither there was any association between genotype of the cases compared with the controls.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: No significant association was obtained between the four-factor structures of depression in MADRS and serotonin transporter and receptor SNPs in a study with a small sample size. This study evaluates whether depression symptom-clusters have distinct genotypic determinants and necessitates more comprehensive studies for unravelling the genetic determinants of depression.", "journal": "Asian journal of psychiatry", "year": "2019", "authors": "Basu A, Chadda RK, Sood M, Kaur H, Kukreti R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.ajp.2019.05.028", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.251Z" }, { "id": "7a3204d5-8fe4-4736-bf18-c386dccfc5b5", "pmid": "31370036", "title": "Treatment Emergent Violence To Self And Others; A Literature Review of Neuropsychiatric Adverse Reactions For Antidepressant And Neuroleptic Psychiatric Drugs And General Medications.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the literature linking physical violence, directed towards self or others, to serotonergic and dopaminergic psychiatric drugs and general medications.\n\nDESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Data about side effects, pharmacogenetics and homeostasis are obtained from articles, electronic Medicines Compendium, DSM-IV-TR, British National Formulary (BNF) and academic books. Statistics have been obtained from articles, The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness, Centre for Mental Health and Risk, Manchester, Mental Health Equalities, National Mental Health Development Unit and the NHS Health and Social Care Information Centre. Classification for neurotoxic conditions and mental illness are obtained from the DSM-IV-TR, DSM-V and ICD-10.\n\nFINDINGS: Psychiatric drugs and some general medications have effects that are not always the ones intended. Reactions to different drugs and drug-drug combinations are governed by individual metabolising rates. Phase 1 metabolism takes place via the cytochrome P450 enzymes with 57 human genes identified that are genetically variable i.e. polymorphic. The population are coded as poor, extensive (known as normal), intermediate or ultra rapid metabolisers. Variations in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and serotonin receptors (5-HT) influence the outcome of serotonergic medications. It is established genetic polymorphisms in the CYP450 and serotoninergic metabolising system cause higher drug blood levels which are associated with neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs), such as akathisia. If not recognised, akathisia, which often precedes violence, suicidality, homicide, mania and psychosis, may be mistaken for new or emergent mental illness and treated with further ineffective, counter-productive psychiatric drugs.\n\nRESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The absence of pharmaceutical data for CYP450 diminishing, null/non- functioning or multiple polymorphisms and variations in the 5-HTTLPR and 5-HT, linking general medications and psychiatric drugs with neuropsychiatric behavioural reactions is notable. There is limited information linking psychiatric drug disruption of homeostasis and neurotransmitters with violence. These issues indicate a need for greater pharmaceutical transparency and further research into the role of CYP450, 5-HTTLPR and 5-HT polymorphism associated neuropsychiatric ADRs for all psychiatric drugs and serotonergic general medications.\n\nPRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Safer prescribing is important and could be achieved by individual genotype testing, which would identify persons with genetic polymorphisms, who are unable to metabolise drugs. Prevention of violence would enhance peoples' well being, ground floor practitioner and public safety.\n\nCONCLUSION: This paper is the first review that implicates certain drugs as a cause of violence due to pharmacogentic polymorphisms and neurotransmitter disruption.", "journal": "Advances in mind-body medicine", "year": "2019", "authors": "Clarke C, Evans J, Brogan K", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Review" ], "doi": "", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.252Z" }, { "id": "aad0b029-94fb-426d-b7a1-98bddd517f4b", "pmid": "31707246", "title": "The interactive effect of the serotonin transporter genotype and drug use on suicidal behaviors in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Suicide is a public health crisis, accounting for more than 47,000 deaths in the United States annually. Individuals with Bipolar Disorder (BD) are at a disproportionately greater risk of suicidal behaviors. Prior studies indicate the significant role of genotype and drug use individually on suicidal behaviors. We hypothesized that, consistent with the gene X environment (GXE) framework, an interaction between serotonin receptor (5-HTTLPR) gene and drug use would influence suicidal behaviors in BD patients.\n\nMETHODS: One hundred and fifty BD patients at a public urban behavioral health clinic enrolled. The majority were females (n  104, 69.3%), between 19 and 65 years of age (M  39.5, SD= 10.9), African American (n  110, 73.3%), unemployed (78.7%, n  118) with 32% identifying as homeless (n  48). Measures of current mood symptoms, historic suicidal behaviors, and recent substance use were completed, and buccal swabs collected. A moderation analysis was employed for data analysis.\n\nRESULTS: Suicidal behaviors were significantly associated with genotype X drug use interaction (B  0.41, 95%CI= [0.06, 0.77], p= .03) followed by gender (B = 1.92, 95%CI= [0.59, 3.25], p= .005), genotype (B= -1.93, 95%CI= [-3.49, -0.36], p= .02), and employment (B= -1.72, 95%CI= [-3.12, -0.31], p= .02).\n\nLIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size primarily comprised of an indigent urban population may limit generalizability. Drug use and suicide risk measures were self-reported and potentially influenced by social desirability bias.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The 5-HTTLPR plays a moderating role on the association between drug use-suicidal behaviors with a differential impact of short and long alleles.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2020", "authors": "Roane SJ, Kapoor S, Sun S, Cramer RJ, Lamis DA", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.049", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.251Z" }, { "id": "d40c7bc8-1256-461a-b6ec-57daed134a76", "pmid": "31856211", "title": "The association between childhood maltreatment and empathic perspective taking is moderated by the 5-HTT linked polymorphic region: Another example of \"differential susceptibility\".", "imported": false, "abstract": "Previous research has suggested that the short (S)-allele of the 5-HT transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) may confer \"differential susceptibility\" to environmental impact with regard to the expression of personality traits, depressivity and impulsivity. However, little is known about the role of 5-HTTLPR concerning the association between childhood adversity and empathy. Here, we analyzed samples of 137 healthy participants and 142 individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) focusing on the 5-HTTLPR genotype (S/L-carrier) and A/G SNP (rs25531), in relation to childhood maltreatment and empathy traits. Whereas no between-group difference in 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution emerged, the S-allele selectively moderated the impact of childhood maltreatment on empathic perspective taking, whereby low scores in childhood trauma were associated with superior perspective taking. In contrast, L-homozygotes seemed to be largely unresponsive to variation in environmental conditions in relation to empathy, suggesting that the S-allele confers \"differential susceptibility\". Moreover, a moderation analysis and tests for differential susceptibility yielded similar results when transcriptional activity of the serotonin transporter gene was taken into account. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the S-allele of the 5-HTTLPR is responsive to early developmental contingencies for \"better and worse\", i.e. conferring genetic plasticity, especially with regard to processes involving emotional resonance.", "journal": "PloS one", "year": "2019", "authors": "Flasbeck V, Moser D, Pakusch J, Kumsta R, Brüne M", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1038/npp.2010.221", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.010Z" }, { "id": "5633f968-40a7-486d-8b94-d35b1c46a7ee", "pmid": "31969273", "title": "Cortico-limbic functional connectivity mediates the effect of early life stress on suicidality in bipolar depressed 5-HTTLPR*s carriers.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: In bipolar disorder (BD) the risk of suicide in adult life can be influenced by the interaction of adverse childhood experiences with the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). The cortico-limbic connectivity is a candidate endophenotype for the disorder, also related to suicidality and affected by the 5-HT system.\n\nMETHODS: In 64 (*s carriers = 41; l/l = 23) depressed BD patients, we explored the effect of 5-HTTLPR on corticolimbic functional connectivity (FC) during emotional processing, and the role of FC in moderating/mediating the effect of early stressful events on suicidality among 5-HTTLPR groups, by implementing Generalized Structural Equation Model.\n\nRESULTS: 5-HTTLPR affects FC between amygdala (Amy) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), temporal pole, putamen/thalamus, and precuneus. The short allele was associated to a more inefficient corticolimbic connectivity. In 5-HTTLPR*s carriers, but not in l/l, the Amy-ACC functional coupling mediated the relationship between stress load and current suicidality.\n\nLIMITATIONS: Patients were not drug-naive, and the recruitment took place in a single center, thus raising the possibility of population stratifications. The sample size is relatively small, but our findings can provide the background for replication study in independent and larger datasets.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the link between the 5-HTT promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to stress in BD, and suggest that cortico-limbic functional connectivity mediates these effects. This pattern could identify a vulnerability factor for the exacerbation of mood episodes after stressful life events particularly relevant in *s carriers.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2020", "authors": "Vai B, Serretti A, Poletti S, Mascia M, Lorenzi C, Colombo C, Benedetti F", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.142", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.250Z" }, { "id": "48aded97-1c6c-47c9-a6e9-af9f3eb4d2f1", "pmid": "32629297", "title": "Childhood maltreatment, serotonin transporter gene, and risk for callous and unemotional traits: A prospective investigation.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Previous studies have reported associations between the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR genotype and antisocial and aggressive traits and between child maltreatment and antisocial traits. However, few studies have examined whether 5-HTTLPR moderates the influence of childhood maltreatment on callous and unemotional traits, a hallmark of psychopathy. Using a prospective cohort design, children with documented cases of maltreatment and matched controls were followed up and interviewed in adulthood. DNA was extracted from blood and saliva (N = 414) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits were assessed. Childhood maltreatment predicted higher CU scores in adulthood, whereas the effect of 5-HTTLPR was not significant. The effect of child maltreatment on CU traits did not differ by genetic risk (high or low activity 5-HTTLPR), whereas controls with the LL genotype had higher CU scores than controls with the SS genotype. Similar results were found for females and White, non-Hispanics, but not for males and Blacks. Variations in 5-HTTLPR did not affect the impact of child maltreatment on CU traits in adulthood. Genetic risk had a stronger effect on adults with lower environmental risk (controls). Having a history of child maltreatment or the LL genotype placed participants at risk for higher levels of callous and unemotional trait scores.", "journal": "Psychiatry research", "year": "2020", "authors": "Widom CS, Miller D, Li X, Gordon D, Brzustowicz L", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S." ], "doi": "10.1038/s41562-020-0880-3", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.009Z" }, { "id": "c4aa91b8-42e9-4ba8-aa80-c51ae117a342", "pmid": "32670107", "title": "\"Out, out, brief candle! Life's but a walking shadow\": 5-HTTLPR Is Associated With Current Suicidal Ideation but Not With Previous Suicide Attempts and Interacts With Recent Relationship Problems.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Suicide is an unresolved psychiatric and public health emergency, claiming 800,000 lives each year, however, its neurobiological etiology is still not understood. In spite of original reports concerning the involvement of 5-HTTLPR in interaction with recent stress in the appearance of suicidal ideation and attempts, replication studies have yielded contradictory results. In our study, we analyzed the association between 5-HTTLPR and lifetime suicide attempts, current suicidal ideation, hopelessness and thoughts of death as main effects, and in interaction with childhood adversities, recent stress, and different types of recent life events in a general population sample.\n\nMETHODS: Two thousand and three hundred fifty-eight unrelated European volunteers were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR, provided phenotypic data on previous suicide attempts, and current suicidal ideation, hopelessness and thoughts about death, and information on childhood adversities and recent life events. Logistic and linear regression models were run with age, gender, and population as covariates to test for the effect of 5-HTTLPR as a main effect and in interaction with childhood adversities and recent life events on previous suicide attempts and current suicidal ideation. Benjamini-Hochberg FDR Q values were calculated to correct for multiple testing.\n\nRESULTS: 5-HTTLPR had no significant effect on lifetime suicide attempts either as a main effect on in interaction with childhood adversities. 5-HTTLPR had a significant main effect on current suicidal ideation in the dominant model (Q=0.0344). 5-HTTLPR did not interact with childhood adversities or total number of recent life events on any phenotypes related to current suicidal risk, however, a significant interaction effect between 5-HTTLPR and current relationship problems emerged in the case of current suicidal ideation in the dominant model (Q=0.0218) and in the case of thoughts about death and dying in the dominant (Q=0.0094) and additive models (Q=0.0281).\n\nCONCLUSION: While 5-HTTLPR did not influence previous suicide attempts or interacted with childhood adversities, it did influence current suicidal ideation with, in addition, an interaction with recent relationship problems supporting the involvement of 5-HTTLPR in suicide. Our findings that 5-HTTLPR impacts only certain types of suicide risk-related behaviors and that it interacts with only distinct types of recent stressors provides a possible explanation for previous conflicting findings.", "journal": "Frontiers in psychiatry", "year": "2020", "authors": "Bokor J, Krause S, Torok D, Eszlari N, Sutori S, Gal Z, Petschner P, Anderson IM, Deakin B, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Gonda X", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11606-010-1403-0", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.250Z" }, { "id": "ad0b3d1e-919e-428a-9213-599e55f3f03d", "pmid": "32697690", "title": "Interactions of childhood maltreatment and genetic variations in adult depression: A systematic review.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) significantly increases the risk of adulthood psychopathology. Interplay between susceptible genetic variations and CM contributes to the occurrence of depression. This review aims to systematically synthesize the relationships between genetic variations and depression among those exposed to CM. Methods Electronic databases and gray literature to March 31st, 2020 were searched for literature on the topic of depression and CM limited to English-language. Data extraction and quality assessment of key study characteristics were conducted. Qualitative approaches were used to synthesize the findings. Results The initial search resulted in 9185 articles. A total of 29 articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review. High heterogeneity was identified regarding the study sample ages, candidate genes and SNPs, the categorization of CM and depression. The findings of this review include several frequently studied genes (5-HTTLPR, CRHR1, BDNF, CREB1, FKBP5, IL1B, NTRK2, and OXTR). Both consistent and inconsistent findings were identified. Overall, the interplay of CM with CREB1-rs2253206 significantly increased the risk of depression. In contrast, CRHR1-TCA haplotype (rs7209436, rs4792887, rs110402), CRHR1-rs17689882, and CRHR1-rs110402 showed protective effects on depression and depressive symptoms among individuals with a history of maltreatment. Limitations Due to clinical and methodological diversity of the studies a qualitative approach was used. Conclusion This review firstly provides a comprehensive overview of the interplay between CM and genetic variations in adult depression. Future etiological explorations should focus on the above-identified genes for down-stream exploration and address the issues and challenges of gene by environment studies.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2020", "authors": "Li M, Liu S, D'Arcy C, Gao T, Meng X", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't", "Systematic Review" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.055", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.009Z" }, { "id": "fca149e6-5c0e-4c1c-a3ec-76bfb636c216", "pmid": "32706152", "title": "The role of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in acquired capability for suicide.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: According to the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide, capability for suicide comprises two dimensions: fearlessness about death and elevated pain tolerance. The short (S) allelic variant of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has repeatedly been associated with more violent and lethal suicide methods and lethality of suicide attempts. The current study aimed to investigate whether 5-HTTLPR allelic variants are associated with fearlessness about death and pain tolerance/persistence and whether it moderates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and acquired capability for suicide.\n\nMETHOD: A cohort of 208 inpatients hospitalized due to a recent suicide attempt or severe suicidal ideation was genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and assessed for childhood maltreatment. Subjective pain tolerance and fearlessness about death as well as objective pain persistence was assessed using a pressure algometer.\n\nRESULTS: Fearlessness about death, pain tolerance, and pain persistence did not differ between 5-HTTLPR genotypes. However, there was a significant correlation between self-reported childhood maltreatment and fearlessness about death that emerged exclusively in homozygous S-allele carriers.\n\nCONCLUSION: Results suggest that there are no \"high-risk\"-alleles that generally increase capability for suicide. However, in terms of future suicide-related behaviors exposure to childhood maltreatment events could exert a particularly negative influence on homozygous S-allele carriers by increasing their fearlessness about death.", "journal": "Suicide & life-threatening behavior", "year": "2020", "authors": "Wannemueller A, Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Juckel G, Paashaus L, Rath D, Schönfelder A, Moser D, Kumsta R, Teismann T", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1111/sltb.12660", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.009Z" }, { "id": "489ed0c3-78a4-44ba-912a-afdcbbaeb58e", "pmid": "32706152", "title": "The role of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in acquired capability for suicide.", "imported": false, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: According to the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide, capability for suicide comprises two dimensions: fearlessness about death and elevated pain tolerance. The short (S) allelic variant of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has repeatedly been associated with more violent and lethal suicide methods and lethality of suicide attempts. The current study aimed to investigate whether 5-HTTLPR allelic variants are associated with fearlessness about death and pain tolerance/persistence and whether it moderates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and acquired capability for suicide.\n\nMETHOD: A cohort of 208 inpatients hospitalized due to a recent suicide attempt or severe suicidal ideation was genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and assessed for childhood maltreatment. Subjective pain tolerance and fearlessness about death as well as objective pain persistence was assessed using a pressure algometer.\n\nRESULTS: Fearlessness about death, pain tolerance, and pain persistence did not differ between 5-HTTLPR genotypes. However, there was a significant correlation between self-reported childhood maltreatment and fearlessness about death that emerged exclusively in homozygous S-allele carriers.\n\nCONCLUSION: Results suggest that there are no \"high-risk\"-alleles that generally increase capability for suicide. However, in terms of future suicide-related behaviors exposure to childhood maltreatment events could exert a particularly negative influence on homozygous S-allele carriers by increasing their fearlessness about death.", "journal": "Suicide & life-threatening behavior", "year": "2020", "authors": "Wannemueller A, Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Juckel G, Paashaus L, Rath D, Schönfelder A, Moser D, Kumsta R, Teismann T", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1111/sltb.12660", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.249Z" }, { "id": "ace41b77-2807-4ad5-a87e-86984c35da8c", "pmid": "33325315", "title": "Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and depressive symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Background: We examined the relationship between polymorphisms in the promoter region of the serotonin transport (SERT) gene (5-HTTLPR, short 'S' and long 'L' alleles) and in intron 2 variable number tandem repeat (STin2VNTR, 9, 10, or 12-repeat alleles) with depression or anxiety in patients with COPD.Methods: 302 patients with moderate to severe COPD participated in SERT study. History and number of prior depressive episodes were measured using the Structured Clinical Interview for Depression; Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HAD) depression ≥8 or a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) >,10.Results: 240 (80%) male sample had a mean age of 68.0 years. Current depression was 22% (HAD) or 21% (PHQ-9), anxiety was 25% (HAD), and suicidal ideation (6%). 5-HTTLPR or STin2 VNTR genotypes were not associated with current depressive or anxiety symptoms. The mean number of prior depressive episodes was higher for patients with the 5-HTTLPR genotype S/S or S/L compared with L/L (4.4 ± 6.1; 5.3 ± 6.8; 4.0 ± 6.1, p < 0.001) and with STin2VNTR high-risk genotype (9/12 or 12/12), medium risk (9/10 or 10/12) compared to low risk (10/10) genotypes (5.1 ± 6.8; 4.9 ± 6.7; 2.7 ± 4.5, p < 0.001).Conclusions: SERT 5-HTTLPR and STin2-VNTR polymorphisms were not associated with current depressive and anxiety symptoms, but the high-risk STin2-VNTR genotypes and S/L were associated with the number of prior depressive episodes.", "journal": "Expert review of respiratory medicine", "year": "2021", "authors": "Yohannes AM, Kohen R, Nguyen HQ, Pike KC, Borson S, Fan VS", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural" ], "doi": "10.1080/17476348.2021.1865159", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.249Z" }, { "id": "9c99d00b-add3-4da5-8972-47cbe4a0c2ee", "pmid": "34023732", "title": "Structural brain alterations in older adults exposed to early-life adversity.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood events may have differential effects on the brain that persist into adulthood. Findings on structural brain alterations in older adults exposed to early-life adversity are inconsistent notably due to heterogeneity in imaging studies, population, psychiatric comorbidities, nature of adverse events, and genetic vulnerability. This study examines whether exposure related to physical or sexual maltreatment, emotional maltreatment, and global adverse environment during childhood are associated with specific alterations in grey matter volumes and if this varies according to sex and serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) genotype.\n\nMETHOD: Structural MRI was used to acquire anatomical scans from 398 community-dwelling older adults. Quantitative regional estimates of 23 subregional volumes were derived using FreeSurfer software. Retrospective reporting of childhood adversity was collected using structured self-reported questionnaire. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, brain volume, head injury, lifetime depression and anxiety disorder, psychiatric medication, and cardiovascular ischemic pathologies.\n\nRESULTS: Exposure to adverse family environment was associated with smaller volumes of several frontal, cingulate, and parietal subregions and larger amygdala in the 5-HTTLPR SS genotype participants specifically but larger volumes of caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens in the SL genotype participants. Highly significant differences were found with excessive sharing of parent problems with children, associated with larger grey-matter volumes in the thalamus and several frontal and parietal regions in 5-HTTLPR SL male participants specifically.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Early-life adversity is associated with grey-matter volume alterations in older adults and this varies according to the type of adversity experienced, sex, and serotonergic genetic vulnerability; 5-HTTLPR SS participants appearing most vulnerable and SL individuals most resilient.", "journal": "Psychoneuroendocrinology", "year": "2021", "authors": "Ancelin ML, Carrière I, Artero S, Maller JJ, Meslin C, Dupuy AM, Ritchie K, Ryan J, Chaudieu I", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105272", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.008Z" }, { "id": "d8d3c1a0-f0d4-4527-83e5-bf6b8459f8ca", "pmid": "34199792", "title": "SLC6A3 (DAT1) as a Novel Candidate Biomarker Gene for Suicidal Behavior.", "imported": false, "abstract": "It has been previously shown that the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter systems might influence the predisposition to suicidal behavior. This study aims to estimate the contribution of 11 polymorphisms in the genes SLC6A4 (5HTT), HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR1B, SLC6A3 (DAT1), DRD4, DRD2, COMT, and BDNF to suicidal behavior and severity of symptoms of depression and anxiety in the Russian population. The study was performed on 100 patients with repeated suicide attempts and 154 controls. We first found an association between SLC6A3 (DAT1) 40 bp VNTR locus and suicidal behavior. This association was significant; when using the codominant (p = 0.006), dominant (p = 0.001), overdominant (p = 0.004), and log-additive (p = 0.004) models, LL genotype played a protective role (OR = 0.48, 0.29-0.82, p = 0.005). Difference in the distribution of COMT rs4680 genotypes was significant in the codominant (p = 0.04), dominant (p = 0.013), and log-additive (p = 0.02) models, and AA genotype might protect against suicide (OR = 0.49, 0.26-0.91, p = 0.025). SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR + rs25531 locus was significant in the recessive model (p = 0.024), and also affected the severity of symptoms of depression (p = 0.044) and personal anxiety (p = 0.029). Our results suggest that allelic variants of SLC6A3, COMT, and SLC6A4 genes might be considered as risk factors for suicidal attempts.", "journal": "Genes", "year": "2021", "authors": "Rafikova E, Shadrina M, Slominsky P, Guekht A, Ryskov A, Shibalev D, Vasilyev V", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1134/S0026893314020174", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.249Z" }, { "id": "a5721cc9-2a86-4750-8436-5a40167ec163", "pmid": "35432015", "title": "Preliminary Evidence That the Short Allele of 5-HTTLPR Moderates the Association of Psychiatric Symptom Severity on Suicide Attempt: The Example in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The severity of symptoms represents an important source of distress in patients with a psychiatric disease. However, the extent to which this endogenous stress factor interacts with genetic vulnerability factors for predicting suicide risks remains unclear.\n\nMETHODS: We evaluated whether the severity of symptoms interacts with a genetic vulnerability factor (the serotonin transporter gene-linked promoter region variation) in predicting the frequency of lifetime suicide attempts in patients with a psychiatric disease. Symptom severity and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were collected from a sample of 95 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Lifetime suicide attempt was the primary outcome, and antecedent of multiple suicide attempts was the secondary outcome.\n\nRESULTS: The gene-by-symptoms interaction was associated with an excess risk of suicide attempts (OR = 4.39, 95CI[1.44, 13.38], p < 0.009) and of multiple suicide attempts (OR = 4.18, 95CI[1.04, 16.77], p = 0.043). Symptom severity (moderate, severe, or extreme) was associated with an approximately five-fold increase in the odds of a lifetime suicide attempt in patients carrying one or two copies of the short allele of 5-HTTLPR. No such relationship was found for patients carrying the long allele.\n\nCONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary evidence for the gene-by-stress interaction on suicide attempt when stress is operationalized as symptom severity. Progress in suicide research may come from efforts to investigate the gene-by-symptoms interaction hypothesis in a variety of diseases.", "journal": "Frontiers in psychiatry", "year": "2022", "authors": "Harika-Germaneau G, Lafay-Chebassier C, Langbour N, Thirioux B, Wassouf I, Noël X, Jaafari N, Chatard A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00158", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.248Z" }, { "id": "773d1bca-5871-49cc-ab5f-05521a24ae92", "pmid": "36983683", "title": "Association of HTTLPR, BDNF, and FTO Genetic Variants with Completed Suicide in Slovakia.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Since suicide and suicidal behavior are considered highly heritable phenotypes, the identification of genetic markers that can predict suicide risk is a clinically important topic. Several genes studied for possible associations between genetic polymorphisms and suicidal behaviors had mostly inconsistent and contradictory findings. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the associations between completed suicide and polymorphisms in genes BDNF (rs6265, rs962369), SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR), and FTO (rs9939609) in relation to sex and BMI. We genotyped 119 completed suicide victims and 137 control subjects that were age, sex, and ethnicity matched. A significant association with completed suicide was found for BDNF rs962369. This variant could play a role in completed suicide, as individuals with the CC genotype were more often found among suicides than in control subjects. After sex stratification, the association remained significant only in males. A nominally significant association between the gene variant and BMI was observed for BDNF rs962369 under the overdominant model. Heterozygotes with the TC genotype showed a lower average BMI than homozygotes with TT or CC genotypes. FTO polymorphism (rs9939609) did not affect BMI in the group of Slovak suicide completers, but our findings follow an inverse association between BMI and completed suicide.", "journal": "Journal of personalized medicine", "year": "2023", "authors": "Bednarova A, Habalova V, Iannaccone SF, Tkac I, Jarcuskova D, Krivosova M, Marcatili M, Hlavacova N", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1038/mp.2012.160", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.248Z" }, { "id": "d90b5f7d-e143-44ed-9584-84d86bd1ea1b", "pmid": "37155441", "title": "Association of Thyroid Function and Severity of Illness in Liver Cirrhosis as Measured by Child-Pugh Score.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Objective The main aim of this study is to understand the existing knowledge gap between thyroid function tests and the severity of liver cirrhosis as measured by the Child-Pugh score. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis of liver. Serum triiodothyronine (free T3), thyroxine (free T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured, and the severity of liver cirrhosis was measured by Child-Pugh score and statistical analysis were done to investigate the association of free T3, free T4 and TSH levels with Child-A, Child-B, and Child-C severity groups. Results The results revealed that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between TSH levels and Child-Pugh score, whereas a statistically significant negative correlation was associated between free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4) levels, and Child-Pugh Score. Further, we also observed that the Child-C group has 7.5-fold risk of increased TSH levels (odds ratio {OR} = 7.553, 95% CI = 2.869-19.883, p = 0.000), has 5-fold risk of decreased fT3 levels (OR = 5.023, 95% CI = 1.369-18.431, p = 0.009) and has 6.4-fold risk of decreased fT4 levels (OR = 6.402, 95% CI = 2.516-16.290, p = 0.000). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that there is a positive and direct correlation associated between increasing TSH with severity of liver cirrhosis as measured by Child-Pugh score, whereas a negative and inverse correlation was observed between decreasing fT3 and fT4 levels with the severity of liver cirrhosis as measured by Child-Pugh score. This suggests that the Child-Pugh score can be used as a prognostic indicator in cirrhotic patients.", "journal": "Cureus", "year": "2023", "authors": "Raj A, Pillai G, Divakar A, Shivam V, Nair A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.7759/cureus.36618", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457366853", "database": "PubMed", "query": "vishnu shivam", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:46.853Z", "initialCount": 6, "retrievedCount": 6, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 6 } ], "queryTranslation": "shivam, vishnu[Author]" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:50.065Z" }, { "id": "977aeea8-30be-4849-8568-e735b68e8aca", "pmid": "37692110", "title": "Interaction of Val66Met BDNF and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms with prevalence of post-earthquake 27-F PTSD in Chilean population.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Post-traumatic stress (PTSD) disorder is a mental health condition that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. The 27-F earthquake that struck Chile in 2010 was one such event that had a significant impact on the mental health of the population. A study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of PTSD and its associated factors among survivors of this earthquake. The study was a longitudinal design, involving a sample of 913 patients aged 18 to 75 years who attended 10 Primary Care Centers in Concepción, Chile. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess both depressive episodes (DE) and PTSD before and after the earthquake. The study also involved genotyping studies using saliva samples from the participants, specifically focusing on the Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was performed to examine the association between different variables and the presence of PTSD. These variables included demographic factors, family history of psychiatric disorders, DE, childhood maltreatment experiences, and critical traumatic events related to the earthquake. The results showed that the incidence of post-earthquake PTSD was 11.06%. No significant differences were found between the groups of participants who developed post-earthquake PTSD regarding the Val66Met or 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. However, a significant association was found between the concomitant diagnosis of DE and the development of post-earthquake PTSD. The presence of DE doubled the risk of developing post-earthquake PTSD. The number of traumatic events experienced also had a statistically significant association with an increased risk of developing post-earthquake PTSD. The study's limitations include the potential interference of different DE subtypes, the complexity of quantifying the degree of earthquake exposure experienced by each individual, and events entailing social disruption, such as looting, that can profoundly influence distress. In conclusion, the study found that PTSD following the 27-F earthquake in Chile was associated with a concomitant diagnosis of DE and the number of traumatic events experienced. The study did not find a significant association between PTSD and the Val66Met or 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. The researchers recommend that mental health professionals should prioritize the detection and treatment of concomitant depressive episodes and exposure to critical traumatic events in survivors of disasters. They also suggest that further research is needed to better understand the relationship between genetic factors and post-disaster PTSD.", "journal": "PeerJ", "year": "2023", "authors": "Castillo-Navarrete JL, Vicente B, Schmidt K, Moraga-Escobar E, Rojas-Ponce R, Lagos P, Macaya X, Guzman-Castillo A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2017.08.021", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.008Z" }, { "id": "7955dfd1-e776-4829-ae84-357cadf845cb", "pmid": "37700998", "title": "Risk Factors of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI): A Prospective Study From a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit in South India.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Background Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection. However, studies evaluating the factors associated with the risk of CLABSI in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) were limited in India. Objective The objective of our study is to evaluate the association of factors and the etiology causing CLABSI. Study design This is a hospital-based single-center prospective study conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our tertiary care hospital spanning one year. Participants Children aged between two months to 15 years admitted in the PICU for more than 48 hours with central venous catheterization were included. Pearson's chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction and logistic regression with odds ratio were calculated by R statistical software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Our analysis showed that factors such as young age (2-12 months), high pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM III) score (> 15), leukocytosis, neutrophilia, anemia, change of central venous catheter, duration of catheterization (>7 days), exposure to blood products, use of steroids, inotropes, and prophylactic antibiotics were significantly associated with increased risk of CLABSIs with an odds ratio of 4.53, 4.54, 2.91, 4.56, 4.76, 3.74, 2.49, 2.41, 7.22, 6.77 and 5.16 respectively (p<0.05). Further, factors such as older age (>12 months) and low PRISM III score (≤ 15) significantly reduce the risk of CLABSIs by 83.64% and 69.14% respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, our results revealed that factors such as young age, high PRISM III score, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, anemia, change of central venous catheter, duration of catheterization (> 7 days), exposure to blood products during the hospital stay, use of steroids, inotropes, and prophylactic antibiotics were identified as risk factors for CLABSI.", "journal": "Cureus", "year": "2023", "authors": "Sellamuthu R, Nair S, Chandrasekar J, Kesavan S, Shivam V", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.7759/cureus.43349", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457366853", "database": "PubMed", "query": "vishnu shivam", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:46.853Z", "initialCount": 6, "retrievedCount": 6, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 6 } ], "queryTranslation": "shivam, vishnu[Author]" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:50.065Z" }, { "id": "7659eebb-f133-44ed-9c6c-ae133f39c283", "pmid": "37947201", "title": "Can psychopathy be prevented? Clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic data: an exploratory study.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The aim of the study was to explore the relationship among brain functional activations elicited by an emotional paradigm, clinical scores (PTSD, anxiety, and depression), psychopathic traits, and genetic characteristics (5-HTTLPR) in a group of severely maltreated children compared to a healthy control group before and after the implementation of a Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The final sample consisted of an experimental group of 14 maltreated children (mean age = 8.77 years old, S.D. = 1.83) recruited from a non-governmental shelter in Mexico City for children who had experienced child abuse and a control group of 10 children from the general population (mean age = 9.57 years old, S.D. = 1.91). Both groups were matched according to age and gender and were assessed before and after the implementation of the aforementioned therapy by means of clinical scales and an emotional paradigm that elicited brain activations which were recorded through functional magnetic resonance imaging. Genotyping of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was made at first assessment. A region of interest analysis showed amygdala hyperactivation during exposure to fear and anger stimuli in the maltreated children before treatment. Following therapy, a decrease in brain activity as well as a decrease in clinical symptoms were also observed. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism did not show any effect on the severity of clinical symptoms in maltreated children. Trauma-Focused Behavioral Therapy may help reorganize the brain's processing of emotional stimuli. These observations reveal the importance of an early intervention when the mechanisms of neuroplasticity may be still recruited.", "journal": "Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence", "year": "2024", "authors": "Ostrosky F, Decety J, Lozano A, Lujan A, Perez M, Munguia A, Castañeda D, Diaz K, Lara R, Sacristan E, Bobes MA, Borja K, Camarena B, Hernández-Muñoz S, Álvarez A, Franco-Bourland RE", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1080/09297049.2023.2277396", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.007Z" }, { "id": "ea9acb94-707d-41eb-b0d7-8d7028d4e40e", "pmid": "38192264", "title": "Taste perception genomics in gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.", "imported": false, "abstract": "No abstract available.", "journal": "Diabetes, obesity & metabolism", "year": "2024", "authors": "Shivam V, Gillies CL, Goff LM, Zaccardi F, Khunti K", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Systematic Review" ], "doi": "10.1111/dom.15449", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457366853", "database": "PubMed", "query": "vishnu shivam", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:46.853Z", "initialCount": 6, "retrievedCount": 6, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 6 } ], "queryTranslation": "shivam, vishnu[Author]" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:50.065Z" }, { "id": "c5e01488-a180-4f02-92a7-0a3e3cf3a520", "pmid": "38370936", "title": "Psychobiological screening among patients affected by prostate cancer: Identification of potential psychobiological markers.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Prostate cancer is a common oncological disease of old age with the highest rates of incidence among males older than 65 years old. Diagnosis and treatment may be associated with the onset of adjustment, depressive, and anxiety disorders. The comorbidity with depression and anxiety may lead to a higher risk of suicide, and mortality as well as lower adherence to medical treatments and adverse functional outcomes in patients affected by urologic cancers. The role of genetic vulnerability and pre-morbid personality in predicting the development of mental disorders during cancer disease is debated. For instance, some genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter-related promoter region (5-HTTLPR polymorphism) are associated with higher vulnerability for mental disorders as well as personality traits of neuroticism; both factors are potentially useful for identifying risk of depressive and anxious symptoms among cancer patients. This communication proposes the development of individualized psychobiological approaches to identify possible 'psychobiological' markers associated with the risk of mental disorders in prostate cancer patients.", "journal": "Industrial psychiatry journal", "year": "2023", "authors": "Severo M, Ventriglio A, Bhugra D, Petito A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.4103/ipj.ipj_212_23", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.248Z" }, { "id": "cbc87ce6-aad6-424d-8dd8-274acaea05ba", "pmid": "38447916", "title": "Val/Met BDNF as a genetic risk for a false sense of security in post-discharge suicide risk.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The time after discharge from psychiatric inpatient care is one of the most dangerous periods in terms of suicide risk. Predicting who is at higher risk could help with resource allocation to assure patients at high risk of suicide attempts are most closely followed. We previously showed that inpatients who improve their suicide ideation levels faster while in inpatient treatment are the ones with highest rates of post-discharge suicide. Here, we studied the possible genetic underpinnings associated with such risk.\n\nMETHOD: We recorded the slope of suicide ideation recovery of 710 psychiatric inpatients from which we studied two genetic variants likely associated with suicide risk: The serotonin transporter variant 5-HTTLPR, and the BDNF gene variant Val66Met.\n\nRESULTS: We found that inpatients carrying the BDNF Met variant (hypothesized as conferring higher suicide risk) improved their suicide ideation scores faster than Val/Val carrying inpatients. No significant association was found for 5-HTTLPR.\n\nLIMITATIONS: The present sample was genetically homogenous, and future research should replicate these findings on a more diverse sample.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we found a paradoxical result: Carrying the BDNF Met variant allows inpatients to improve faster, which was shown to confer higher risk at the post-discharge period. This may explain some inconsistencies in the literature in terms of the role of BDNF in suicide ideation and attempts.", "journal": "Journal of affective disorders", "year": "2024", "authors": "Rufino KA, Goli P, Patriquin MA, Kosten TR, Nielsen DA, Salas R", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.", "Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.001", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.247Z" }, { "id": "9307fdf3-ad11-4173-8fbc-3f935dbb841c", "pmid": "38815112", "title": "A meta-analysis on polymorphic trait of taste perception mediated by TAS2R38 genotype.", "imported": false, "abstract": "The objective of this study is to review the association of TAS2R38 polymorphisms and taste phenotypes to bitter compounds (phenylthiocarbamide [PTC]/propylthiouracil [PROP]), and its association among persons who drink alcohol and individuals with smoking behavior. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Wiley online library databases using the keyword \"(Bitter taste receptor genes OR TAS2R38) AND (PROP OR propylthiouracil) AND (PTC OR phenylthiocarbamide),\" \"(Bitter taste receptor genes OR TAS2R38) AND (alcohol),\" \"(Bitter taste receptor genes OR TAS2R38) AND (tobacco OR smoker)\" to find articles evaluating the association of taste phenotypes and TAS2R38 polymorphisms, and its association among persons who drink alcohol and individuals with smoking behavior. The analysis show that TAS2R38 taster genotype (proline-alanine-valine [PAV] allele) was significantly (OR, 5.88; CI [3.87, 8.95], p < .001) associated with taster phenotype for bitter compounds (PTC/PROP), and TAS2R38 nontaster genotype (alanine-valine-isoleucine allele) was significantly (OR, 6.73; CI [4.57, 9.90], p < .001) associated with nontaster phenotype for bitter compounds. Further, TAS2R38 taster genotypes (PAV homozygotes and heterozygotes) were significantly associated with higher alcohol intake (OR, 5.15; 95% CI [2.66, 9.98]; p < .001) and among individuals with smoking behavior (OR, 1.73; 95% CI [1.24, 2.42]; p = .001). This suggests that TAS2R38 single nucleotide polymorphisms can be identified by clinically assessing taste phenotype status for bitter compounds and can be used as a potential therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of harmful higher alcohol intake and smoking behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).", "journal": "Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology", "year": "2024", "authors": "Shivam V", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis", "Review" ], "doi": "10.1037/pha0000728", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457366853", "database": "PubMed", "query": "vishnu shivam", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:46.853Z", "initialCount": 6, "retrievedCount": 6, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 6 } ], "queryTranslation": "shivam, vishnu[Author]" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:50.064Z" }, { "id": "c53242cb-efb7-41fa-842d-66bd8de8338d", "pmid": "39126213", "title": "Subclinical hypomanic experiences in young adults after sleep deprivation are independent of depressive disorders, chronotype or 5-HTTLPR polymorphism.", "imported": false, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: The acute antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation (SD) in patients with depressive disorders has been studied for more than 60 years. However, hypomanic mood swings after partial or total SD have also been described in people without diagnosed mental disorders. Studying this phenomenon in the general population may yield insights about the mechanisms of therapeutic SD, mania and bipolar disorders.\n\nMETHODS: A cross-sectional sample of young adults was recruited and classified into those who described having regularly occurring subclinical hypomanic experiences (ROHE) after SD and those who did not. History of psychiatric and physical illness, with screening for depression and mania, as well as alcohol or drug consumption, family history of depressive disorders or suicide, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, and MEQ-SA chronotype were collected.\n\nRESULTS: A total of 251 participants were included; 39.0% indicated regularly having subclinical hypomanic experiences after SD. These experiences were not associated with depressive or mania screening, history of psychiatric illness, family history, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, or MEQ-SA chronotype.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: ROHE after non-therapeutic SD seem to be a relatively common phenomenon in young adults, independent of depressive mood state. Our results suggest that therapeutic SD may depend on a physiological phenomenon of subclinical affective disturbance after SD that affects a part of the general population, independent of psychiatric diagnosis. Further studies could elucidate associated factors and contribute to our understanding of (hypo-)manic mood states.", "journal": "The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry", "year": "2024", "authors": "Mauracher L, Serebriakova J, Niederstätter H, Parson W, Schurr T, Deisenhammer EA", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1080/15622975.2024.2382697", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.247Z" }, { "id": "ff84a1af-8f2e-45fa-a37c-da978f51f5ed", "pmid": "39499453", "title": "Suicidal behavior in ADHD: the role of comorbidity, psychosocial adversity, personality and genetic factors.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Adult ADHD is associated with increased risk for suicide attempts, as indicated by investigations of population- and community-based cohorts. However, there is little data regarding suicide attempts in a clinical setting. To address this, we used a comprehensively phenotyped clinical adult ADHD (aADHD) cohort to assess to which extent comorbidity, psychosocial adversity, personality, and ADHD symptoms contribute to suicidal behavior in ADHD. Furthermore, we investigated a triallelic variation in the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), which has previously been associated with suicidal behavior. Depression, substance use, eating, and posttraumatic stress disorders were independently associated with past suicide attempts, whereas anxiety, somatoform, and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders showed no association. Pulmonary diseases also showed an association with suicidal behavior. Psychosocial factors including occupational status, marital status/living situation, externalizing behavior and psychiatric family history were strongly associated with past suicide attempts. ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were not associated with past suicide attempts after adjustment for psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial adversity. However, the personality trait of neuroticism fully mediated the association between depression and suicidal behavior. 5-HTTLPR was not associated with suicidal behavior, but an interaction with ADHD symptoms and subtype was found. Our data suggest that psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial adversity are key factors for suicidal behavior in aADHD, with neuroticism representing a critical mediator of the association between depression and suicidality. Further research, preferentially with longitudinal study designs is needed to better understand causal factors for suicidal behavior to enable effective preventive action.", "journal": "Discover mental health", "year": "2024", "authors": "Ziegler GC, Groß S, Boreatti A, Heine M, McNeill RV, Kranz TM, Romanos M, Jacob CP, Reif A, Kittel-Schneider S, Lesch KP", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.142", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.247Z" }, { "id": "b1834da1-8ef3-46f6-af84-9e15d3cbe470", "pmid": "39596555", "title": "Interaction of Val66Met Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and 5-HTTLPR Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphisms with Lifetime Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Primary Care Patients.", "imported": false, "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This longitudinal study aimed to explore the connection between two specific genetic polymorphisms, Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR, and the lifetime prevalence of PTSD in patients from primary care settings. We also examined the role of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors to provide a more comprehensive view of PTSD risk. Methods: We recruited a cohort of primary care patients and diagnosed PTSD using a standardized diagnostic interview. Genetic analyses focused on Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. We applied logistic regression to assess the association between these genetic markers and PTSD, considering factors such as gender, family history of depression, and experiences of childhood maltreatment. Results: Our findings show that women, individuals with a family history of depression, and those exposed to childhood maltreatment have a higher risk of developing PTSD. While the Val66Met polymorphism was not significantly associated with PTSD, the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism showed a marginal relationship. No significant interaction was found between the two polymorphisms in relation to PTSD. Conclusions: This study underscores the multifactorial nature of PTSD, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The findings point to the importance of further research on genetic predispositions and highlight the value of early interventions for high-risk populations in primary care settings.", "journal": "Genes", "year": "2024", "authors": "Guzman-Castillo A, Vicente B, Schmidt K, Moraga-Escobar E, Rojas-Ponce R, Lagos P, Macaya X, Castillo-Navarrete JL", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1111/psyp.12603", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.007Z" }, { "id": "7a5de1b1-3a82-443c-98e9-4095f5fd69e0", "pmid": "41539590", "title": "Genomic Studies of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Latin American Populations: A Systematic Review.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death globally, with disproportionately rising rates in Latin America. Despite increasing global interest in the biology of suicidal behavior, Latin American and Hispanic/Latinx populations remain underrepresented in genomic research. In this systematic review, we synthesized current evidence on genomic studies of suicidality in these populations.\n\nMETHODS: We reviewed molecular studies of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, nonsuicidal self-injury, or suicide death among Latin American or Hispanic/Latinx individuals (PROSPERO registration: CRD42023416616). Eligible studies examined family risk, genetic, epigenetic, or transcriptomic markers. Searches were conducted in PubMed, SciELO, REDALyC, and regional journals. Synthesis used a narrative approach and random-effects meta-analyses when feasible. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Q-Genie tool. A coauthorship network analysis was performed to characterize collaboration patterns.\n\nRESULTS: Fifty-nine studies met inclusion criteria: 3 family, 50 genetic, 6 transcriptomic, and 3 epigenetic studies (categories not mutually exclusive). Candidate gene studies mainly examined serotonergic and stress-response pathways but yielded inconsistent results. Meta-analyses for TPH1 (rs1800532), HTR2A rs6313 (T102C), and 5-HTTLPR (rs25531) showed no significant associations. Recent genome-wide and polygenic score studies identified ancestry-specific loci, although small samples and limited functional annotation resources hindered follow-up. Transcriptomic and epigenetic studies have implicated neurodevelopmental and immune-related processes. Collaboration networks were dominated by a single hub, with limited cross-group integration.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Genomic research on suicidality in Latin America is growing but remains fragmented and underpowered. Increasing representative sampling, implementing ancestry-aware methods, and fostering collaborations are essential to advance research and inform prevention strategies in these populations.", "journal": "Biological psychiatry", "year": "2026", "authors": "Cabrera-Mendoza B, Panzenhagen AC, de Anda-Jáuregui G, He J, Magalhaes PVS, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Martínez-Levy GA, Qiu D, Sotelo D, Torres D, Medrano JV, Vidal G, Velásquez MM, Nicolini H, Polimanti R, Kaster MP, Docherty AR, Kimbrel NA, Genis-Mendoza AD, Ito LT, Shansis FM, Rovaris DL, Folego-Temoteo I, Fries GR, Suicide Working Group from the Latin American Genomics Consortium", "articleTypes": [ "Systematic Review", "Journal Article" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.12.009", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.246Z" }, { "id": "291c9d78-b778-406a-9369-bdb2e63e23d6", "pmid": "41546921", "title": "Childhood adversity and 5-HTTLPR across mental health outcomes: A transdiagnostic meta-analysis.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for various psychiatric disorders, although individual responses to early adversity vary. The serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been examined as a potential moderator of sensitivity to environmental stress, but findings across studies have been inconsistent.\n\nOBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis examined whether 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms moderate the association between childhood adversity and clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders.\n\nPARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: Fourteen studies (N = 3479) were included, representing community, population-based, and clinical samples from multiple regions. Childhood adversity was assessed using validated interviews, questionnaires, or official electronic records.\n\nMETHODS: Systematic searches of eight databases (last updated 3 December 2025) identified studies reporting 5-HTTLPR genotype, childhood adversity, and psychiatric diagnoses. Ratio-of-odds-ratios (ROR) quantifies differences in adversity effects between S-allele carriers and LL homozygotes. Multilevel random-effects models generated pooled estimates. Sensitivity, moderator, and publication-bias analyses were performed. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and certainty of evidence using GRADE.\n\nRESULTS: Pooled analyses indicated no statistically significant interaction between childhood adversity and 5-HTTLPR genotype (ROR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.37). Analyses restricted to SS-only or SL-only groups and sexual abuse-specific subgroups produced similar results. Heterogeneity was moderate, and small-study effects were borderline. Moderator analyses did not identify consistent influences of diagnosis or ancestry.\n\nCONCLUSION: Across available studies, evidence for an interaction between childhood adversity and 5-HTTLPR genotype was limited. Unlike previous meta-analyses that focused primarily on symptom-level or trait-based measures, the present study evaluates clinically diagnosed outcomes, offering evidence that 5-HTTLPR is unlikely to represent a robust moderator of adversity effects. These findings may suggest that, within current research parameters, 5-HTTLPR does not show a consistent moderating role in clinically diagnosed psychiatric outcomes.", "journal": "Child abuse & neglect", "year": "2026", "authors": "Shivam V", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.107901", "decision": "Include", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457339494", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND childhood maltreatment", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:19.494Z", "initialCount": 47, "retrievedCount": 47, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 47 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND ((\"childhood\"[All Fields] OR \"childhoods\"[All Fields]) AND (\"maltreat\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreated\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreating\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatment s\"[All Fields] OR \"maltreatments\"[All Fields]))" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:26.006Z" }, { "id": "8841d7c7-f2d2-42ce-8f78-1e98a68640a8", "pmid": "41546921", "title": "Childhood adversity and 5-HTTLPR across mental health outcomes: A transdiagnostic meta-analysis.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for various psychiatric disorders, although individual responses to early adversity vary. The serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been examined as a potential moderator of sensitivity to environmental stress, but findings across studies have been inconsistent.\n\nOBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis examined whether 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms moderate the association between childhood adversity and clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders.\n\nPARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: Fourteen studies (N = 3479) were included, representing community, population-based, and clinical samples from multiple regions. Childhood adversity was assessed using validated interviews, questionnaires, or official electronic records.\n\nMETHODS: Systematic searches of eight databases (last updated 3 December 2025) identified studies reporting 5-HTTLPR genotype, childhood adversity, and psychiatric diagnoses. Ratio-of-odds-ratios (ROR) quantifies differences in adversity effects between S-allele carriers and LL homozygotes. Multilevel random-effects models generated pooled estimates. Sensitivity, moderator, and publication-bias analyses were performed. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and certainty of evidence using GRADE.\n\nRESULTS: Pooled analyses indicated no statistically significant interaction between childhood adversity and 5-HTTLPR genotype (ROR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.37). Analyses restricted to SS-only or SL-only groups and sexual abuse-specific subgroups produced similar results. Heterogeneity was moderate, and small-study effects were borderline. Moderator analyses did not identify consistent influences of diagnosis or ancestry.\n\nCONCLUSION: Across available studies, evidence for an interaction between childhood adversity and 5-HTTLPR genotype was limited. Unlike previous meta-analyses that focused primarily on symptom-level or trait-based measures, the present study evaluates clinically diagnosed outcomes, offering evidence that 5-HTTLPR is unlikely to represent a robust moderator of adversity effects. These findings may suggest that, within current research parameters, 5-HTTLPR does not show a consistent moderating role in clinically diagnosed psychiatric outcomes.", "journal": "Child abuse & neglect", "year": "2026", "authors": "Shivam V", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.107901", "decision": "Exclude", "reason": "Not relevant", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457359337", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND vishnu shivam", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:39.337Z", "initialCount": 2, "retrievedCount": 2, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 2 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND shivam, vishnu[Author]" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:42.789Z" }, { "id": "e483e4f7-51e3-484b-a171-84738a2109a5", "pmid": "41546921", "title": "Childhood adversity and 5-HTTLPR across mental health outcomes: A transdiagnostic meta-analysis.", "imported": false, "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for various psychiatric disorders, although individual responses to early adversity vary. The serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been examined as a potential moderator of sensitivity to environmental stress, but findings across studies have been inconsistent.\n\nOBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis examined whether 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms moderate the association between childhood adversity and clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders.\n\nPARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: Fourteen studies (N = 3479) were included, representing community, population-based, and clinical samples from multiple regions. Childhood adversity was assessed using validated interviews, questionnaires, or official electronic records.\n\nMETHODS: Systematic searches of eight databases (last updated 3 December 2025) identified studies reporting 5-HTTLPR genotype, childhood adversity, and psychiatric diagnoses. Ratio-of-odds-ratios (ROR) quantifies differences in adversity effects between S-allele carriers and LL homozygotes. Multilevel random-effects models generated pooled estimates. Sensitivity, moderator, and publication-bias analyses were performed. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and certainty of evidence using GRADE.\n\nRESULTS: Pooled analyses indicated no statistically significant interaction between childhood adversity and 5-HTTLPR genotype (ROR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.37). Analyses restricted to SS-only or SL-only groups and sexual abuse-specific subgroups produced similar results. Heterogeneity was moderate, and small-study effects were borderline. Moderator analyses did not identify consistent influences of diagnosis or ancestry.\n\nCONCLUSION: Across available studies, evidence for an interaction between childhood adversity and 5-HTTLPR genotype was limited. Unlike previous meta-analyses that focused primarily on symptom-level or trait-based measures, the present study evaluates clinically diagnosed outcomes, offering evidence that 5-HTTLPR is unlikely to represent a robust moderator of adversity effects. These findings may suggest that, within current research parameters, 5-HTTLPR does not show a consistent moderating role in clinically diagnosed psychiatric outcomes.", "journal": "Child abuse & neglect", "year": "2026", "authors": "Shivam V", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.107901", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457366853", "database": "PubMed", "query": "vishnu shivam", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:46.853Z", "initialCount": 6, "retrievedCount": 6, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 6 } ], "queryTranslation": "shivam, vishnu[Author]" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:50.064Z" }, { "id": "94875102-c7e5-41b2-a22a-47b7088a0f21", "pmid": "41804671", "title": "Discrepancy in Combined Genotype Distribution Data Between Two Related Studies of 5-HTTLPR and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Risk.", "imported": false, "abstract": "No abstract available.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics", "year": "2026", "authors": "Shivam V", "articleTypes": [ "Letter" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmgb.70006", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457359337", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND vishnu shivam", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:39.337Z", "initialCount": 2, "retrievedCount": 2, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 2 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND shivam, vishnu[Author]" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:42.789Z" }, { "id": "ddf8aed1-5429-4760-9d0c-95b832f2a7f1", "pmid": "41804671", "title": "Discrepancy in Combined Genotype Distribution Data Between Two Related Studies of 5-HTTLPR and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Risk.", "imported": false, "abstract": "No abstract available.", "journal": "American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics", "year": "2026", "authors": "Shivam V", "articleTypes": [ "Letter" ], "doi": "10.1002/ajmgb.70006", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457366853", "database": "PubMed", "query": "vishnu shivam", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:46.853Z", "initialCount": 6, "retrievedCount": 6, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 6 } ], "queryTranslation": "shivam, vishnu[Author]" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:50.064Z" }, { "id": "863d2c5a-fa12-45b5-900c-cbe9697c0e54", "pmid": "41968640", "title": "Japanese Cohort Study Identifies an Association Between the Serotonin Transporter-Linked Polymorphic Region and Suicide Death.", "imported": false, "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: More than 720 000 individuals die by suicide annually worldwide, making it a major public health concern and a leading cause of death among young people, particularly in Asian populations. Dysregulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine system has been implicated in suicide risk. The SLC6A4 gene encodes the serotonin transporter, which regulates synaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine levels. Its promoter region contains a 44-base-pair insertion/deletion polymorphism, known as the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). We examined the association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and suicide death in a Japanese cohort, representing the largest sample from an Asian population to date.\n\nMETHODS: We included 448 suicide decedents and 361 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and 5-HTTLPR genotypes were determined using PCR. We evaluated genotype- and allele-level associations with suicide. Additionally, we conducted a meta-analysis incorporating previous studies.\n\nRESULTS: The distributions of 5-HTTLPR genotypes and alleles differed significantly between suicide decedents and controls (S allele: OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.26-2.09, p < 0.001). The associations remained significant in subgroup analyses by sex, age group, and violent methods. Age- and sex-matched analyses yielded consistent results. However, the random-effects meta-analysis did not demonstrate a significant association.\n\nCONCLUSION: Our findings indicate a potential association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms and suicide death in a Japanese population. Although further research in larger and diverse samples is warranted, these results may contribute to a better understanding of the biological underpinnings of suicide risk.", "journal": "Neuropsychopharmacology reports", "year": "2026", "authors": "Okada S, Shirai T, Miyachi M, Yamasaki G, Minami K, Tsukamoto R, Mouri K, Tanifuji T, Katada R, Okazaki S, Otsuka I, Hishimoto A", "articleTypes": [ "Journal Article", "Meta-Analysis" ], "doi": "10.1002/npr2.70120", "decision": "", "reason": "", "notes": "", "searchSources": [ { "id": "search_1791457376078", "database": "PubMed", "query": "5-HTTLPR AND suicide", "searchedAt": "2026-10-08T11:02:56.078Z", "initialCount": 134, "retrievedCount": 134, "segments": [ { "startDate": null, "endDate": null, "count": 134 } ], "queryTranslation": "\"5-HTTLPR\"[All Fields] AND (\"suicid\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal ideation\"[MeSH Terms] OR (\"suicidal\"[All Fields] AND \"ideation\"[All Fields]) OR \"suicidal ideation\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidality\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidal\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidally\"[All Fields] OR \"suicidals\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide\"[MeSH Terms] OR \"suicide\"[All Fields] OR \"suicides\"[All Fields] OR \"suicide s\"[All Fields] OR \"suicided\"[All Fields] OR \"suiciders\"[All Fields])" } ], "firstRetrievedAt": "2026-10-08T11:03:04.246Z" } ] }